Nature of the Elements Flashcards
What way does a period go?
across
What way does a group go?
down
Do elements in the same group have similar properties?
yes
What properties do elements in the same group share?
reactivity, physical properties
What is group 1?
alkali metals
What is group 2?
alkaline earth metals
What is group 3?
transition metals
What is group 15?
pnictogens
What is group 16?
chalcogens
What is group 17?
halogens
What is group 18?
noble gases
Why are noble gases special?
they are unreactive, and their valence shell is full
What does the number of the group show?
how many valence electrons an element has
What qualities do metals have?
they are shiny, conductive, malleable, and ductile
What qualities do nonmetals have?
they are not shiny, conductive, malleable, or ductile
What qualities do metalloids have?
some metal properties (can be metals or nonmetals)
What elements are the metalloids?
boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, and tellurium
How did Bohr quantize orbits?
circular standing wave
What is the double-slit experiment?
if you send a beam of electrons through 2 slits, they will produce an interference pattern
What do electrons do at a quantum level?
generate waves
What are pilot waves?
guides motion of the point particles
What is the quantum theory of the atom?
incorporates wave-particle duality
What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
inexact location of electron
What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle equation?
(△x)(m △v) ≥ h/4 π
What is △x?
uncertainty in position
What is m △v
uncertainty in velocity
What is h/4 π
constants
What is uncertainty in position?
inequality, can’t know position and velocity at the same time
What is the Schrödinger equation?
location of electron
electrons are 3D stationary waves
determines orbital
describes orbital pictures, underlying maths with quantum numbers
What are quantum numbers?
location for a given electron (relative to the nucleus)
Can electrons have the same set of quantum numbers?
no
How many quantum numbers are there?
4
What are the 3 interrelated quantum numbers?
principle(n)=overall energy (size)
angular movement(𝓵)=shape of orbital
magnetic(m𝓵)=orientation, number of orbitals
What is the 1 unrelated quantum number?
spin (m2)=direction electron is spinning
