Nature of the Elements Flashcards

1
Q

What way does a period go?

A

across

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2
Q

What way does a group go?

A

down

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3
Q

Do elements in the same group have similar properties?

A

yes

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4
Q

What properties do elements in the same group share?

A

reactivity, physical properties

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5
Q

What is group 1?

A

alkali metals

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6
Q

What is group 2?

A

alkaline earth metals

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7
Q

What is group 3?

A

transition metals

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8
Q

What is group 15?

A

pnictogens

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9
Q

What is group 16?

A

chalcogens

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10
Q

What is group 17?

A

halogens

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11
Q

What is group 18?

A

noble gases

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12
Q

Why are noble gases special?

A

they are unreactive, and their valence shell is full

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13
Q

What does the number of the group show?

A

how many valence electrons an element has

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14
Q

What qualities do metals have?

A

they are shiny, conductive, malleable, and ductile

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15
Q

What qualities do nonmetals have?

A

they are not shiny, conductive, malleable, or ductile

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16
Q

What qualities do metalloids have?

A

some metal properties (can be metals or nonmetals)

17
Q

What elements are the metalloids?

A

boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, and tellurium

18
Q

How did Bohr quantize orbits?

A

circular standing wave

19
Q

What is the double-slit experiment?

A

if you send a beam of electrons through 2 slits, they will produce an interference pattern

20
Q

What do electrons do at a quantum level?

A

generate waves

21
Q

What are pilot waves?

A

guides motion of the point particles

22
Q

What is the quantum theory of the atom?

A

incorporates wave-particle duality

23
Q

What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

A

inexact location of electron

24
Q

What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle equation?

A

(△x)(m △v) ≥ h/4 π

25
What is △x?
uncertainty in position
26
What is m △v
uncertainty in velocity
27
What is h/4 π
constants
28
What is uncertainty in position?
inequality, can't know position and velocity at the same time
29
What is the Schrödinger equation?
location of electron electrons are 3D stationary waves determines orbital describes orbital pictures, underlying maths with quantum numbers
30
What are quantum numbers?
location for a given electron (relative to the nucleus)
31
Can electrons have the same set of quantum numbers?
no
32
How many quantum numbers are there?
4
33
What are the 3 interrelated quantum numbers?
principle(n)=overall energy (size) angular movement(𝓵)=shape of orbital magnetic(m𝓵)=orientation, number of orbitals
34
What is the 1 unrelated quantum number?
spin (m2)=direction electron is spinning