Kinetic Molecular Theory Flashcards
Does boron follow octet rule?
no
Why doesn’t boron follow octet rule?
doesn’t want to give up electrons
doesn’t want to look like a noble gas
happy with sharing electrons with hydrogen and having 6 electrons
Why are expanded octets allowed to exist?
elements in the third period and beyond on the periodic table have available d-orbitals in their valence shell, which can accommodate additional electrons beyond the typical eight, allowing them to form more bonds and exceed the octet rule
Why are expanded octets called expanded octets?
they go into 3d orbitals
Are reactivity and geometry connected?
yes
What does stable mean?
won’t react easily
What does unstable mean?
will react easily
What is the kinetic molecule theory?
kinetic energy is proportional to temperature
no attractive forces
negligible particle volume
constant random motion
perfectly elastic collision
What does it mean when kinetic energy is proportional to temperature?
if temp is doubled, KE is doubled
What do no attractive forces work well for?
works well for low pressure and high temperature
What does it mean when there is constant random motion?
motion/direction of molecules and their speed
What does it mean when there are perfectly elastic collisions?
energy is transferred, no KE is lost
When will molecules have the same KE?
when in thermal equilibrium
What happens if the molecular mass is different?
there is same average amount of KE
How is it possible to have the same average KE when molecular mass is different?
they have different speeds
the larger the mass, the slower to speed of the particle
What is the ideal gas law?
based on KMT and assumes gases behave ideally
molecules have no volume (point particles)
no interaction between particles
What does it mean when there is no interaction between particles?
particles will not repel particles next to each other
What are the parameters affecting behavior of gases?
pressure (P)
volume (V)
temperature (T)
number of moles (n)
What does P equal?
force/area
What are the two kinds of pressure?
external and internal(relative) pressure
What total pressure equal to?
Pexternal - Pinternal
What is total pressure measured with?
a barometer
What does a barometer do?
measures atmospheric pressure
How does a barometer work?
height of Hg column on balances of forces: gravity pulls Hg down, atmospheric pressure pushed Hg up into evacuated tube
What are the units of pressure?
1 atm = 760mmHg
What is the avg pressure at sea level?
1 atm and is capable of supporting a column of Hg 760mm high
What did Robert Boyle do?
worked to describe relationship between volume and pressure of a gas
What is the Boyle equation?
P1V1=P2V2
What does the Boyle equation assume?
temperature and number of moles remain constant
What kind of relationship does volume and pressure have?
inverse
