Aqueous Chemistry Flashcards
What are ionic compounds?
metal cations + nonmetal anions
Are ionic compounds predictable ions?
yes
What are the 2 types of chemical compounds?
ionic compounds and covalent/molecular compounds
What are ionic compounds?
1 metal + 1 nonmetal
What happens to electrons in ionic compounds?
electrons are lost/gained to make ions which are then attracted to each other
What is electronegativity?
craves electrons
What elements are the most electronegative?
to the right and up on periodic table
What are covalent/molecular compounds?
2+ nonmetals
What happens to electrons in covalent/molecular compounds?
electrons are shared
What do atoms acquire when they gain/lose electrons?
a charge
What are ions?
charged atoms or groups of atoms
What happens to atoms that gain electrons?
they become negatively charged ions and are called anions
What happens to atoms that lose electrons?
they become positively charged ions called cations
What does it mean for the number of protons and electrons if the overall/net charge of an element is 0?
number of protons = number of electrons
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does 14N have?
7p, 7n, 7e
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does 14N3 have?
7p, 7n, 10e
What is the charge of the alkali metals?
lose 1 electron
1+ charge (cations)
What is the charge of alkaline earth metals?
lose 2 electrons
2+ charge (cations)
What is the charge of oxygen’s group?
gain 2 electrons
2- charge (anions)
What is the charge of the halogens?
gain 1 electron
1- charge (anions)
Why do elements gain/lose electrons?
to gain the valence electron configuration of the nearest noble gas
How do ionic compounds form?
metals donate valence electrons to obtain stable noble gas electron configuration
nonmetals accept valence electrons to obtain stable noble gas electron configuration
What do positively charged metal cations and negatively charged nonmetal anions do when they combine?
combine to make the simplest possible ratio to produce an overall neutral ionic compound
What is the empirical formula?
simplest ratio of elements in a compound
What are the rules of naming metals + nonmetals?
ionic rules
(predictable cation)
name of cation(metal) + base name of nonmetal +ide
What are the rules of naming 2 nonmetals?
covalent rules
What are the rules of naming unpredictable cations?
name of cation(metal) + (charge of cation(metal) in roman numerals in parentheses) + base name of anion(nonmetal) +ide
What overall net charge do ionic compounds have?
neutral
What groups are transition metals?
3-12
What do transition metals do?
loses electrons
forms cations
some form multiple cations
What do transition metals do in compounds?
lose a variable and have an unpredictable amount of electrons
What is the charge of Sc?
3+
What are the charges of Ti?
2+ and 4+
What are the charges of V?
2+ and 3+
What are the charges of Cr?
2+ and 3+
What are the charges of Mn?
2+ and 4+
What are the charges of Fe?
2+ and 3+
What are the charges of Co?
2+ and 3+
What is the charge of Ni?
1+
What are the charges of Cu?
1+ and 2+
What is the charge of Ag?
1+
What are the charges of Au?
1+ and 3+
What is the charge of Zn?
2+
What is the charge of Sn?
2+
What is the charge of Pb?
2+
What does polyatomic mean?
multiple atoms
What is the formula of ammonium?
NH4(+)
(tool: Niall Horan 4+)
What is the formula of acetate?
C2H3O2(-)
(word tool: CatS HatE OS-)
What is the formula of sulfite?
SO3(2-)
(tool: SOBS-)
What is the formula of sulfate?
SO4(2-)
(word tool: SOTS-)
What is the formula of nitrite?
NO2(-)
(word tool: NO 2night-)
What is the formula of nitrate?
NO3(-)
(tool: NO Bait-)
What is the formula of carbonate?
CO3(2-)
(word tool: COBS-)
What is the formula of bicarbonate?
HCO3(-)
(word tool: Harry Cant OfficiatE-)
What is the formula of hydroxide?
OH(-)
What is the formula of cyanide?
CN(-)
What is the formula of phosphate?
PO4(3-)
(word tool: POTE-)
What is the purpose of phosphate?
major role in serving as a bond in pyramidic bases
Why is bicarbonate important?
it de-acidifies blood
How to write formulas of polyatomic ions?
treat polyatomics as a single unit and do not separate the atoms
What kinds of bonds do polyatomic anions have?
covalent bonds (sharing electrons)
What do polyatomic anions behave as?
a group
What kinds of orbitals are particularly stable?
half full and completely full
What happens to irons orbitals when it is Fe2+?
no electrons in 4s, and 5 electrons in the 3d orbital
What happens to irons orbitals when it is Fe3+?
no electrons in 4s, 4 electrons in 3d orbital
