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CHEM 1110 > Aqueous Chemistry > Flashcards

Aqueous Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A

metal cations + nonmetal anions

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2
Q

Are ionic compounds predictable ions?

A

yes

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of chemical compounds?

A

ionic compounds and covalent/molecular compounds

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4
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A

1 metal + 1 nonmetal

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5
Q

What happens to electrons in ionic compounds?

A

electrons are lost/gained to make ions which are then attracted to each other

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6
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

craves electrons

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7
Q

What elements are the most electronegative?

A

to the right and up on periodic table

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8
Q

What are covalent/molecular compounds?

A

2+ nonmetals

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9
Q

What happens to electrons in covalent/molecular compounds?

A

electrons are shared

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10
Q

What do atoms acquire when they gain/lose electrons?

A

a charge

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11
Q

What are ions?

A

charged atoms or groups of atoms

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12
Q

What happens to atoms that gain electrons?

A

they become negatively charged ions and are called anions

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13
Q

What happens to atoms that lose electrons?

A

they become positively charged ions called cations

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14
Q

What does it mean for the number of protons and electrons if the overall/net charge of an element is 0?

A

number of protons = number of electrons

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15
Q

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does 14N have?

A

7p, 7n, 7e

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16
Q

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does 14N3 have?

A

7p, 7n, 10e

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17
Q

What is the charge of the alkali metals?

A

lose 1 electron
1+ charge (cations)

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18
Q

What is the charge of alkaline earth metals?

A

lose 2 electrons
2+ charge (cations)

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19
Q

What is the charge of oxygen’s group?

A

gain 2 electrons
2- charge (anions)

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20
Q

What is the charge of the halogens?

A

gain 1 electron
1- charge (anions)

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21
Q

Why do elements gain/lose electrons?

A

to gain the valence electron configuration of the nearest noble gas

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22
Q

How do ionic compounds form?

A

metals donate valence electrons to obtain stable noble gas electron configuration
nonmetals accept valence electrons to obtain stable noble gas electron configuration

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23
Q

What do positively charged metal cations and negatively charged nonmetal anions do when they combine?

A

combine to make the simplest possible ratio to produce an overall neutral ionic compound

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24
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

simplest ratio of elements in a compound

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25
Q

What are the rules of naming metals + nonmetals?

A

ionic rules
(predictable cation)
name of cation(metal) + base name of nonmetal +ide

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26
Q

What are the rules of naming 2 nonmetals?

A

covalent rules

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27
Q

What are the rules of naming unpredictable cations?

A

name of cation(metal) + (charge of cation(metal) in roman numerals in parentheses) + base name of anion(nonmetal) +ide

28
Q

What overall net charge do ionic compounds have?

A

neutral

29
Q

What groups are transition metals?

A

3-12

30
Q

What do transition metals do?

A

loses electrons
forms cations
some form multiple cations

31
Q

What do transition metals do in compounds?

A

lose a variable and have an unpredictable amount of electrons

32
Q

What is the charge of Sc?

A

3+

33
Q

What are the charges of Ti?

A

2+ and 4+

34
Q

What are the charges of V?

A

2+ and 3+

35
Q

What are the charges of Cr?

A

2+ and 3+

36
Q

What are the charges of Mn?

A

2+ and 4+

37
Q

What are the charges of Fe?

A

2+ and 3+

38
Q

What are the charges of Co?

A

2+ and 3+

39
Q

What is the charge of Ni?

A

1+

40
Q

What are the charges of Cu?

A

1+ and 2+

41
Q

What is the charge of Ag?

A

1+

42
Q

What are the charges of Au?

A

1+ and 3+

43
Q

What is the charge of Zn?

A

2+

44
Q

What is the charge of Sn?

A

2+

45
Q

What is the charge of Pb?

A

2+

46
Q

What does polyatomic mean?

A

multiple atoms

47
Q

What is the formula of ammonium?

A

NH4(+)
(tool: Niall Horan 4+)

48
Q

What is the formula of acetate?

A

C2H3O2(-)
(word tool: CatS HatE OS-)

49
Q

What is the formula of sulfite?

A

SO3(2-)
(tool: SOBS-)

50
Q

What is the formula of sulfate?

A

SO4(2-)
(word tool: SOTS-)

51
Q

What is the formula of nitrite?

A

NO2(-)
(word tool: NO 2night-)

52
Q

What is the formula of nitrate?

A

NO3(-)
(tool: NO Bait-)

53
Q

What is the formula of carbonate?

A

CO3(2-)
(word tool: COBS-)

54
Q

What is the formula of bicarbonate?

A

HCO3(-)
(word tool: Harry Cant OfficiatE-)

55
Q

What is the formula of hydroxide?

A

OH(-)

56
Q

What is the formula of cyanide?

A

CN(-)

57
Q

What is the formula of phosphate?

A

PO4(3-)
(word tool: POTE-)

58
Q

What is the purpose of phosphate?

A

major role in serving as a bond in pyramidic bases

59
Q

Why is bicarbonate important?

A

it de-acidifies blood

60
Q

How to write formulas of polyatomic ions?

A

treat polyatomics as a single unit and do not separate the atoms

61
Q

What kinds of bonds do polyatomic anions have?

A

covalent bonds (sharing electrons)

62
Q

What do polyatomic anions behave as?

A

a group

63
Q

What kinds of orbitals are particularly stable?

A

half full and completely full

64
Q

What happens to irons orbitals when it is Fe2+?

A

no electrons in 4s, and 5 electrons in the 3d orbital

65
Q

What happens to irons orbitals when it is Fe3+?

A

no electrons in 4s, 4 electrons in 3d orbital

CHEM 1110 (26 decks)

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