Aqueous Chemistry

Question 1

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 1

metal cations + nonmetal anions

Question 2

Are ionic compounds predictable ions?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

What are the 2 types of chemical compounds?

Answer 3

ionic compounds and covalent/molecular compounds

Question 4

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 4

1 metal + 1 nonmetal

Question 5

What happens to electrons in ionic compounds?

Answer 5

electrons are lost/gained to make ions which are then attracted to each other

Question 6

What is electronegativity?

Answer 6

craves electrons

Question 7

What elements are the most electronegative?

Answer 7

to the right and up on periodic table

Question 8

What are covalent/molecular compounds?

Answer 8

2+ nonmetals

Question 9

What happens to electrons in covalent/molecular compounds?

Answer 9

electrons are shared

Question 10

What do atoms acquire when they gain/lose electrons?

Answer 10

a charge

Question 11

What are ions?

Answer 11

charged atoms or groups of atoms

Question 12

What happens to atoms that gain electrons?

Answer 12

they become negatively charged ions and are called anions

Question 13

What happens to atoms that lose electrons?

Answer 13

they become positively charged ions called cations

Question 14

What does it mean for the number of protons and electrons if the overall/net charge of an element is 0?

Answer 14

number of protons = number of electrons

Question 15

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does 14N have?

Answer 15

7p, 7n, 7e

Question 16

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does 14N3 have?

Answer 16

7p, 7n, 10e

Question 17

What is the charge of the alkali metals?

Answer 17

lose 1 electron
1+ charge (cations)

Question 18

What is the charge of alkaline earth metals?

Answer 18

lose 2 electrons
2+ charge (cations)

Question 19

What is the charge of oxygen’s group?

Answer 19

gain 2 electrons
2- charge (anions)

Question 20

What is the charge of the halogens?

Answer 20

gain 1 electron
1- charge (anions)

Question 21

Why do elements gain/lose electrons?

Answer 21

to gain the valence electron configuration of the nearest noble gas

Question 22

How do ionic compounds form?

Answer 22

metals donate valence electrons to obtain stable noble gas electron configuration
nonmetals accept valence electrons to obtain stable noble gas electron configuration

Question 23

What do positively charged metal cations and negatively charged nonmetal anions do when they combine?

Answer 23

combine to make the simplest possible ratio to produce an overall neutral ionic compound

Question 24

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 24

simplest ratio of elements in a compound

Question 25

What are the rules of naming metals + nonmetals?

Answer 25

ionic rules (predictable cation) name of cation(metal) + base name of nonmetal +ide

Question 26

What are the rules of naming 2 nonmetals?

Answer 26

covalent rules

Question 27

What are the rules of naming unpredictable cations?

Answer 27

name of cation(metal) + (charge of cation(metal) in roman numerals in parentheses) + base name of anion(nonmetal) +ide

Question 28

What overall net charge do ionic compounds have?

Answer 28

neutral

Question 29

What groups are transition metals?

Answer 29

3-12

Question 30

What do transition metals do?

Answer 30

loses electrons forms cations some form multiple cations

Question 31

What do transition metals do in compounds?

Answer 31

lose a variable and have an unpredictable amount of electrons

Question 32

What is the charge of Sc?

Answer 32

3+

Question 33

What are the charges of Ti?

Answer 33

2+ and 4+

Question 34

What are the charges of V?

Answer 34

2+ and 3+

Question 35

What are the charges of Cr?

Answer 35

2+ and 3+

Question 36

What are the charges of Mn?

Answer 36

2+ and 4+

Question 37

What are the charges of Fe?

Answer 37

2+ and 3+

Question 38

What are the charges of Co?

Answer 38

2+ and 3+

Question 39

What is the charge of Ni?

Answer 39

1+

Question 40

What are the charges of Cu?

Answer 40

1+ and 2+

Question 41

What is the charge of Ag?

Answer 41

1+

Question 42

What are the charges of Au?

Answer 42

1+ and 3+

Question 43

What is the charge of Zn?

Answer 43

2+

Question 44

What is the charge of Sn?

Answer 44

2+

Question 45

What is the charge of Pb?

Answer 45

2+

Question 46

What does polyatomic mean?

Answer 46

multiple atoms

Question 47

What is the formula of ammonium?

Answer 47

NH4(+) (tool: Niall Horan 4+)

Question 48

What is the formula of acetate?

Answer 48

C2H3O2(-) (word tool: CatS HatE OS-)

Question 49

What is the formula of sulfite?

Answer 49

SO3(2-) (tool: SOBS-)

Question 50

What is the formula of sulfate?

Answer 50

SO4(2-) (word tool: SOTS-)

Question 51

What is the formula of nitrite?

Answer 51

NO2(-) (word tool: NO 2night-)

Question 52

What is the formula of nitrate?

Answer 52

NO3(-) (tool: NO Bait-)

Question 53

What is the formula of carbonate?

Answer 53

CO3(2-) (word tool: COBS-)

Question 54

What is the formula of bicarbonate?

Answer 54

HCO3(-) (word tool: Harry Cant OfficiatE-)

Question 55

What is the formula of hydroxide?

Answer 55

OH(-)

Question 56

What is the formula of cyanide?

Answer 56

CN(-)

Question 57

What is the formula of phosphate?

Answer 57

PO4(3-) (word tool: POTE-)

Question 58

What is the purpose of phosphate?

Answer 58

major role in serving as a bond in pyramidic bases

Question 59

Why is bicarbonate important?

Answer 59

it de-acidifies blood

Question 60

How to write formulas of polyatomic ions?

Answer 60

treat polyatomics as a single unit and do not separate the atoms

Question 61

What kinds of bonds do polyatomic anions have?

Answer 61

covalent bonds (sharing electrons)

Question 62

What do polyatomic anions behave as?

Answer 62

a group

Question 63

What kinds of orbitals are particularly stable?

Answer 63

half full and completely full

Question 64

What happens to irons orbitals when it is Fe2+?

Answer 64

no electrons in 4s, and 5 electrons in the 3d orbital

Question 65

What happens to irons orbitals when it is Fe3+?

Answer 65

no electrons in 4s, 4 electrons in 3d orbital