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CHEM 1110 > Batteries > Flashcards

Batteries Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

loss of electrons (LEO-lose electrons: oxidation)

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2
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

gain of electrons (GER-gain electrons: reduction)

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3
Q

How do electrochemical cells work?

A

there are 2 batteries in an electrolyte solution, one battery gives electrons (anode) and the other takes electrons (cathode). There are electrons flowing from the anode to the cathode and a semi-permeable barrier is in between them.

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4
Q

What is an anode?

A

battery that gives electrons

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5
Q

What is a cathode?

A

battery that takes electrons

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6
Q

What is a redox half-reaction?

A

either the oxidation or reduction reaction component of a redox reaction

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7
Q

What are the steps to identifying a reduction half-reaction?

A

If as proceeding from reactants → products an element/molecule gained electron(s)

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8
Q

What are the steps to identifying an oxidation haf-reaction?

A

If as proceeding from reactants → products an element/molecule lost electron(s)

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9
Q

What are the steps to writing an overall redox reaction?

A

1) Electrons need to cancel out, electrons are never shown
2) Multiply each half-reaction by some number to get the same number of electrons on each side to cancel electrons
3) Combine the two half-reactions

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10
Q

What are the elements in a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

zinc atom and copper ion

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11
Q

Does zinc want to lose or gain electrons in a galvanic (voltaic) cell? How many does it lose/gain?

A

loses 2 electrons to become stable

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12
Q

Does copper lose or gain electrons in a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

gains 2 electrons

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13
Q

What helps achieve an electron current in a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

zinc and copper are connected through a copper cable

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14
Q

What kind of solution are zinc and copper put in for a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

an aqueous solution with sulfate

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15
Q

What kind of charge is accumulated in the zinc environment of a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

positive charges

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16
Q

What kind of charges are accumulated in a copper environment of a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

negative charges

17
Q

What kind of bridge is added to the aqueous solution of a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

a salt bridge that has Na+ and Cl- with a cotton material at the end

18
Q

Does Na+ or Cl- of the salt bridge go into the zinc solution of a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

Cl-

19
Q

Does Na+ or Cl- go into the copper solution of a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

Na+

20
Q

Does the metal get thicker or thinner on the zinc side of a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

thinner

21
Q

Does the metal of the copper side get thinner/thicker in a galvanic (voltaic) cell?

A

thicker

22
Q

What is an alkaline cell?

A

a type of battery that uses a chemical reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide, powered by an alkaline electrolyte like potassium hydroxide

23
Q

What is the alkaline cell equation?

A

Zn + 2MnO2 + H2O –> Mn2O3 + 2OH(-) + Zn(2+)

24
Q

What is oxidized in an alkaline cell?

A

zinc
Zn → Zn(2+) + 2e(-)

25
Q

What is reduced in an alkaline cell?

A

2MnO2
e(-) + MnO2→ Mn(+3)2O2(-3)

26
Q

What is oxidation number rule #1?

A

Oxidation number of an atom in a free element is 0

27
Q

What is oxidation number rule #2?

A

Oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is equal to its charge

28
Q

What does monoatomic mean?

A

single atom

29
Q

What is oxidation number rule #3?

A

Sum of oxidation number of all atoms in:
a) Neutral molecule is 0
b) Polyatomic ion is a charge of an ion

30
Q

What is oxidation number rule #4?

A

In compounds, metals have positive oxidation numbers
a) Alkali metals always have a +1
b) Alkali earth metals always have +2

31
Q

What is oxidation number rule #5?

A

Nonmetals are assigned oxidation numbers in the order of:
Fluorine: -1
Hydrogen: +1
Oxygen: -2
Group 7A: -1
Group 6A: -2
Group 5A: -3

CHEM 1110 (26 decks)

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