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2023 SEM 1 PMLS 1 > nature of the clinical laboratory > Flashcards

nature of the clinical laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

sections of the clinical laboratory:
it is considered to be one of the busiest section in the laboratory

A

clinical chemistry

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2
Q

sections of the clinical laboratory:
it is intended for the testing of blood and other body fluids to quantify essential soluble chemicals including waste products useful for diagnosis

A

clinical chemistry

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3
Q

sections of the clinical laboratory:
blood and urine are the most common fluids subjected for analyses in this section

A

clinical chemistry

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4
Q

in the clinical chemistry, what are the 2 common body fluids subjected for analyses

A

urine
blood

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5
Q

examples of test performed in clinical chemistry

A

FBS - fasting blood sugar
HbA1c
HDL - high density lipoproteins
LDL - low protein lipoproteins
TAG
BUA - blood uric acid
BUN - blood urea nitrogen
TP
thyroid hormones test
drug testing
toxicology

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6
Q

what are the important activities that medtech perform and are responsible for

A

internal quality assurance (IQA)
continuous quality improvement (CQI)
national external quality assurance program (NEQAP)

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7
Q

what are the 4 four sections of the microbiology

A

bacteriology
mycology
mycobacteriology
virology

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8
Q

sections of the clinical laboratory:
it focused on the identification of bacteria and fungi on specimens

A

microbiology

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9
Q

what are the common species in microbiology

A

blood
other body fluids

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10
Q

what are some examples of tests performed in microbiology (CAAMP,II,BIQ)

A

culture media preparation
antigen typing
biosafety
proper waste disposable
infection control

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11
Q

sections of the clinical laboratory:
it deals with the enumeration of cells in the blood and other body fluid

A

hematology and coagulation studies

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12
Q

in the hematology and coagulation studies, the coagulation studies determine the

A

coagulation factors

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13
Q

in the hematology and coagulation studies, the ______________ are available

A

automated hematology analyzer

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14
Q

what are examples of tests performed in the hematology and coagulation studies

A

CBC
hemoglobin
quantitative blood count

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15
Q

sections of the clinical laboratory:
detection and identification of parasitic worms and ova are the primary activities in this area

A

clinical microscopy

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16
Q

what are the 2 major areas in the clinical microscopy

A

first major - allotted to routine and other special examinations
second major - examination of stool

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17
Q

what are the 2 main activities in the blood bank/ immunohematology

A

blood typing
compatibility testing

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18
Q

it is the most critical section in the clinical laboratory

A

blood bank / immunohematology

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19
Q

what are the other test performed in the immunohematology

A

blood donation
donor recruitment
blood component preparation
antibody screening and identification

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20
Q

sections of the clinical laboratory:
analyses of serum antibodies

A

immunology and serology

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21
Q

what is commonly used in the immunology and serology

A

automated analyzer

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22
Q

what are some test performed in the immunology and serology

A

hepatitis B profile tests
hepatitis C test
dengue test
serological test for syphilis

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23
Q

it is the place where specimens collected from individuals are processed, analyzed, preserved, and properly disposed

A

clinical laboratory

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24
Q

what are the classifications of clinical lab according to function

A

clinical pathology
anatomic pathology

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25
Q

what are the classifications of clinical lab according to institutional characteristics

A

institution-based
free-standing

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26
Q

what are the classifications of clinical lab according to ownership

A

government-owned
privately-owned

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27
Q

what are the classifications of clinical lab according to service capability

A

primary category
secondary category
tertiary category
national reference laboratory

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28
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to function:
it is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases performed through laboratory testing of blood and other body fluids

A

clinical pathology

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29
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to function:
it is concerned with the diagnosis of disease through microscopic examination of tissues and organs

A

anatomic pathology

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30
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to institutional characteristics:
it is a clinical lab that operates within the premises or part of an institution

A

institution-based

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31
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to institutional characteristics:
clinical lab is not part of an established institution

A

free-standing

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32
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to ownership:
clinical lab are owned, wholly or partially by national or local government units

A

government-owned

33
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to ownership:
clinical lab are owned, established and operated by an individual, corporation, institution, association or organization

A

privately-owned

34
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to service capability:
space requirement is 10m2

A

primary category

35
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to service capability :
space requirement is 20m2

A

secondary category

36
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to service capability:
space requirement is 60m2

A

tertiary category

37
Q

identify the classifications of clinical lab according to service capability:
it is a lab in a government hospital designated by the DOH to provide special diagnostic functions and services for certain diseases

A

national reference laboratory

38
Q

what are some laboratory testing in clinical lab under the primary category

A

urinalysis
stool examination
hematology
cbc (hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC & RBC)
WBC count
platelet count
blood typing
gram staining

39
Q

what are some laboratory testing in clinical lab under the secondary category

A

those in pri category
clinical chemistry tests (blood glucose concentration, BUN, BUA, blood creatinine, cholestrol determination, qualitative platelet count)

if hospital based:
gram stain
KOH mount
crossmatching

40
Q

what are some laboratory testing in clinical lab under the tertiary category

A

those in sec category
immunology and serology
microbiology, bacteriology and mycology
special clinical chemistry
special hematology
immunohematology and blood bank

41
Q

equipments used in primary category

A

microscope
centrifuge
hematocrit centrifuge

42
Q

equipments used in secondary category

A

those in pri category
semi-automated chemistry analyzer
autoclave
incubator
oven

43
Q

equipments used in tertiary category

A

those in sec category
automated chemistry analyzer
biosafety cabinet class II
serofuge

44
Q

laws on the operation, maintenance and registration of clinical laboratories in the Philippines is according to R.A No.

A

R.A No. 4688

45
Q

section 1 of R.A no. 4688

A

shall register and secure a license annually at the office of the secretory of health

46
Q

under what section of R.A no. 4688 is the
it shall be unlawful for any person to be professionally in-charge of a registered clinical laboratory unless he is a licensed physicians duly qualified in laboratory medicine and authorized by the secretory of health (renewed annually)

A

section 2

47
Q

under what section of R.A no. 4688 is the
bureau of research and lab shall be charged with the responsibility of strictly enforcing the provision

A

section 3

48
Q

under section 4 of R.A no. 4688:
violates any provision of this Act, shall be punished with imprisonment for not less than ______ month but not more that ______ year or
fine of not less that _____ thousand pesos nor more than _____ thousands pesos
or both

A

1
1
1
5

49
Q

under section 6 of R.A no. 4688:
the sum of ______ thousands pesos may be necessary, is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any funds in the national treasury not otherwise appropriated , into effect the provision of this Act

A

50K

50
Q

when was the R.A no. 4688 is approved

A

18 june 1966

51
Q

True or false
The clinical lab can be constructed when plans have been approved and constructions permit issued by BHFS

A

False - no clinical lab can be constructed

52
Q

A clinical lab shall operate with a valid listened issued by _________ based on the compliance with the minimum listening requirements (ANNEX A)

A

BHFS/CHD

53
Q

What are the documents required for the application for permit to construct
1.Letter of application to the _______
2. ______ sets of site development plans and floor plans approved by an article and or engineer
3. DTI/ SEC registration (for ______)

A

director of BHFS
4
private clinical laboratory

54
Q

BHFS

A

Bureau of Health Facilities and Services

55
Q

Application for renewal of license shall be filed within ….

A

90 days before the expiry date

56
Q

A penalty of ______ for late renewal shall be charged in addition to the renewal fee for all categories in the application is filled during the next ____ months after expiry date

A

1k pesos
2

57
Q

Clinical lab shall be inspected every ____ or as necessary

A

two years

58
Q

True or false
The director of BHFS only shall be allowed to monitor the clinical lab at any given time

A

False - BHFS or his authorized representative

59
Q

Any changes affecting the substantial conditions of the license to operate a laboratory shall be reported within ____ days in writing by the person concerned to the BHFS/CHD for notation and approval

A

15 days

60
Q

Any person who operates a clinical laboratory without the proper license from the department of health shall upon conviction be subjected to improvement for not less that ____ month but not more than ____ year or a fine of not less than ____ and not more than ____ or both

A

1
1
1k pesos
5k pesos

61
Q

These rules and regulations of the administrative order no. 59s 2001shall take effect ____ days after its publications in the official gazette or in the newspaper of general circulation

A

15

62
Q

Annex A

A

Technical standards and minimum requirements

63
Q

All lab reports on various examinations of specimens shall bear the name of the ______ and _______ and duly signed by both

A

registered medical technologist
pathologist

64
Q

All lab records shall be kept on a file for at least ____ year

A

one

65
Q

Records of anatomic and forensic pathology shall be kept _____ in the lab

A

permanently

66
Q

Activities performed in this section includes tissue processing (removed surgically as in biopsy and autopsy), cutting into sections, staining and preparation for microscopic examination by a pathologist

A

histopathology/ cytology

67
Q

Histopathology/ cytology is where tissue processing (removed surgically as in biopsy and autopsy), cutting into sections, staining and preparation for microscopic examination by a _____

A

pathologist

68
Q

What are the 2 specialized sections of the laboratory

A

immunohistochemistry
molecular biology and biotechnology

69
Q

Identify the specialized sections of the laboratory:
It combines anatomical, clinical and biochemical techniques where antibodies bounded to enzymes and fluorescent dyes are used to detect presence of antigen in tissues

A

immunohistochemistry

70
Q

Identify the specialized sections of the laboratory:
Uses different enzymes and other reagents, DNA and RNA are identified and sequenced to detect any pathological conditions

A

molecular biology and biotechnology

71
Q

It encompasses all activities starting from a medical doctor writing a laboratory request up to the time the results are generated and become useful information for the treatment and management of patients

A

laboratory testing cycle

72
Q

What are the 3 phases of the laboratory testing cycle

A

pre-analytic phase
analytic phase
post-analytic phase

73
Q

QA

A

quality assurance

74
Q

It encompasses all activities performed by laboratory personnel to ensure reliability of test results

A

quality assurance

75
Q

What are the 2 major components in the clinical lab

A

internal quality assurance control (IQAS)
external quality assurance control (EQAS)

76
Q

Identify the major components in the clinical lab:
It includes day to day activities that are undertaken in order to control factors or variables that may affect test result

A

IQAS

77
Q

Identify the major components in the clinical lab:
It is a system for checking performances among clinical lab and is facilated by designated external agencies

A

EQAS

78
Q

It is the DOH-designated EQAS

A

national reference laboratory

2023 SEM 1 PMLS 1 (12 decks)

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