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PRINCIPLE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE > Nature of Clinical Laboratory > Flashcards

Nature of Clinical Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to a facility subdivided into different sections where common diagnostic procedures are done by specialized health professionals.

A

CLINICAL LABORATORY

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2
Q

The regulation of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines is governed by

A

Republic Act 4688

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3
Q

DOH EO 59 series of 2001

A

REDIRECTING THE FUNCTIONS AND OPERATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

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4
Q

WAS GIVEN REGULATORY FUNCTIONS AMONG CLINICAL LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

A

BUREAU OF HEALTH FACILITIES AND SERVICES (BHFS)

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5
Q

DOH AO 2007-0027

A

REVISED RULES AND REGULATIONS
GOVERNING THE REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

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6
Q

DOH AO 2021-0037

A

NEW RULES AND REGULATIONS
GOVERNING THE REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

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7
Q

OPERATES WITHIN THE PREMISES
OF AN INSTITUTION LIKE HOSPITAL, SCHOOL, MEDICAL CLINICS, ETC.

A

Hospital-Based (HB)

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8
Q

-NOT PART OF ANY ESTABLISHED
INSTITUTION.

A

Non-hospital-based (NHB)

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9
Q

operated by national or local government units

A

Government

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10
Q

privately owned , established and operated with funds through donation, principal, investment or other means, by any individual, corporation, association or organization

A

Private

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11
Q

The highest level of laboratory in the country performing
highly complex procedures, including confirmatory
testing.

A

National Reference Laboratory (NRL)

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12
Q

National Reference Laboratory (NRL)

A

a. Confirmatory testing
b. Surveillance
c. Resolution of conflicts
d. Training and research
e. Evaluation of kits and reagents
f. External quality assessment program

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13
Q

Refers to an extension of the main clinical
laboratory located within the facilities compound
or premises

A

Satellite Clinical Laboratory

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14
Q

A laboratory testing unit that moves from one
testing site to another testing site and it has a
DOH licensed CL as its main laboratory.

A

Mobile clinical laboratories

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15
Q

Sections of the Clinical Laboratory

A
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Hematology
  • Immunohematology/Blood Bank
  • Immunology/Serology
  • Medical Microbiology
  • Analysis of Urine and Blood Fluids (Clinical
    Microscopy)
  • Histopathology
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16
Q
  • Involved in the analysis of biological materials, usually bodily fluids, to provide diagnostic results on the state of the human body.
  • Test procedures are usually performed on serum.
A

Clinical Chemistry

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17
Q

ROUTINELY REQUESTED CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ASSAYS

A

A. Blood Glucose
B. Blood Lipid Profile
C.Kidney (Renal) Function tests
D.Liver Function Tests
E. Cardiac Function Tests
F. Special Chemistry Tests: Tumor Markers

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18
Q

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3, PO4-3, Ca+2, Mg+2, etc.

A

Electrolytes

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19
Q

Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase,
Creatine phosphokinase, Lactic acid
dehydrogenase, Glutamic-Oxalacetic
Transaminase, Amylase, etc.

A

Enzymes

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20
Q

Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Pre-albumin,
Alpha globulins, Beta-globulins,
Immunoglobulins, etc.

A

Proteins

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21
Q

Glucose, Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine,Cholesterol, etc.

A

Organics

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22
Q

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, PO4-3, Urea
Nitrogen, Creatinine, Uric acid,
albumin

A

Renal (Kidney)

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23
Q

Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin, AST,
ALT, ALP, Cholesterol, Total protein,
albumin, globulin

A

Hepatic (liver)

24
Q

CPK, LDH, Troponin I, Myoglobin

A

Cardiac (Heart)

25
Q

Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides

A

Hypertensive

26
Q

Thyroxin, Free thyroxin, TSH

A

Thyroid

27
Q
  • Scientific study of blood, its components, and blood diseases.
  • Includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood diseases.
  • Whole Blood is used for the majority of test procedures.
A

Hematology

28
Q
  • is defined as the study of all the aspects of the immune system, including its structure and function.
  • Deals with the response of an organism to antigenic challenge and its recognition of what is self and non self.
A

Immunology/ Serology

29
Q

*is a division of immunology that deals with the specializes in the laboratory detection and measurement of antigens and antibodies.

A

Serology

30
Q

may be performed for diagnostic purposes when an
infection is suspected and helps to diagnose patients with immunodeficiencies associated with the lack of antibodies.

A

Serological tests

31
Q
  • Deals with the uses of immunologic principles to study and identify the different blood groups
  • Separate area in a clinical laboratory where blood is collected from donors.
  • Prepares blood and blood components for transfusion
A

Blood Bank

32
Q

Study of microorganisms too small to be seen by unaided eye.
* A broad term which includes bacteriology, mycobacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology.
* Responsible for growing and identifying the organisms obtained from patient’s blood, urine, or other body fluids, sputum, or wound.
* After the organism is grown out (culture), susceptibility testing can be performed.

A

Microbiology

33
Q
  • Performs scientific analysis of non-blood body fluids such as urine, semen, and stool.
A

Clinical Microscopy

34
Q
  • The macroscopic, chemical, and microscopic examinations of urine provide initial valuable diagnostic
    information concerning metabolic dysfunctions of both renal and non renal origin.
A

ROUTINE URINALYSIS

35
Q
  • The common chemical testing of urine utilizes commercial disposable test strips
  • The result of testing is regarded as semi-quantitative
  • A fresh urine specimen is collected in a clean, dry container. A multistix strip is briefly immersed in the urine specimen, covering all reagent areas.
A

Chemical Tests for abnormal chemical constituents

36
Q
  • Looks for formed cellular elements, casts, bacteria, yeasts, parasites and crystals in centrifuged urine sediment
A

Microscopic exam for abnormal insoluble constituents

37
Q

Important in evaluating fertility cases and status of post vasectomy cases.

A

SEMEN ANALYSIS

38
Q

Fecalysis, stool concentration technique, occult blood determination and stool examination for fats help clinician in early detection of gasto-intestinal bleeding, liver and biliary duct disorders and malabsorption syndrome.

A

STOOL EXAMINATION

39
Q
  • Refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease.
  • Examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed into glass slides.
A

Histopathology

40
Q

Two sources of specimens:

A
  1. Autopsy specimen
  2. Biopsy specimen
41
Q
  • Process of recording the tissue specimen in a log book and assigning identification numbers to the specimen received in the laboratory
A

Numbering

42
Q

Preserving the tissue specimen

A

Fixation

43
Q

Process of removing water from the specimen by using increasing grades of ethyl alcohol

A

Dehydration

44
Q
  • Also known as de-alcoholization.
  • Process of removing excess alcohol in the tissues and making the tissues transparent.
A

Clearing

45
Q
  • the process of filling up the tissue spaces or cavities using a paraffin wax
A

Infiltration

46
Q

The process of placing the infiltrated tissue inside a mold.

A

Embedding/Molding

47
Q

The process of removing the excess paraffin wax from the block until it assumes the shape of a truncated pyramid.

A

Trimming

48
Q

The process of putting the coverslip on the stained tissue using a mounting medium

A

Mounting

49
Q

Means of identifying the specimen. The specimen number is indicated on the glass slide.

A

Labelling

50
Q
  • Overall activities conducted by the laboratory personnel to ensure reliability of test results.
A

Quality Assurance

51
Q

includes day to day activities that are undertake
In order to control factors or variables that may affect test results.

A

Internal Quality Assurance System (IQAS)

52
Q

system of checking the performance of clinical
Laboratory by designated external agencies.

A

External Quality Assurance System (EQAS)

53
Q

for Hematology an Coagulation

A

NKTI

54
Q

for Clinical Chemistry

A

Lung Center of the Phils.

55
Q

for Microbiology and Parasitology

A

RITM

56
Q

for Drugs of Abuse

A

EAMC

57
Q

for Hepa B, Hepa C and HIV

A

SACCL

PRINCIPLE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE (10 decks)

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