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PRINCIPLE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE > Nature of Clinical Laboratory > Flashcards

Nature of Clinical Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to a facility subdivided into different sections where common diagnostic procedures are done by specialized health professionals.

A

CLINICAL LABORATORY

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2
Q

The regulation of Clinical Laboratories in the Philippines is governed by

A

Republic Act 4688

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3
Q

DOH EO 59 series of 2001

A

REDIRECTING THE FUNCTIONS AND OPERATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH

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4
Q

WAS GIVEN REGULATORY FUNCTIONS AMONG CLINICAL LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

A

BUREAU OF HEALTH FACILITIES AND SERVICES (BHFS)

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5
Q

DOH AO 2007-0027

A

REVISED RULES AND REGULATIONS
GOVERNING THE REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

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6
Q

DOH AO 2021-0037

A

NEW RULES AND REGULATIONS
GOVERNING THE REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

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7
Q

OPERATES WITHIN THE PREMISES
OF AN INSTITUTION LIKE HOSPITAL, SCHOOL, MEDICAL CLINICS, ETC.

A

Hospital-Based (HB)

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8
Q

-NOT PART OF ANY ESTABLISHED
INSTITUTION.

A

Non-hospital-based (NHB)

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9
Q

operated by national or local government units

A

Government

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10
Q

privately owned , established and operated with funds through donation, principal, investment or other means, by any individual, corporation, association or organization

A

Private

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11
Q

The highest level of laboratory in the country performing
highly complex procedures, including confirmatory
testing.

A

National Reference Laboratory (NRL)

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12
Q

National Reference Laboratory (NRL)

A

a. Confirmatory testing
b. Surveillance
c. Resolution of conflicts
d. Training and research
e. Evaluation of kits and reagents
f. External quality assessment program

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13
Q

Refers to an extension of the main clinical
laboratory located within the facilities compound
or premises

A

Satellite Clinical Laboratory

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14
Q

A laboratory testing unit that moves from one
testing site to another testing site and it has a
DOH licensed CL as its main laboratory.

A

Mobile clinical laboratories

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15
Q

Sections of the Clinical Laboratory

A
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Hematology
  • Immunohematology/Blood Bank
  • Immunology/Serology
  • Medical Microbiology
  • Analysis of Urine and Blood Fluids (Clinical
    Microscopy)
  • Histopathology
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16
Q
  • Involved in the analysis of biological materials, usually bodily fluids, to provide diagnostic results on the state of the human body.
  • Test procedures are usually performed on serum.
A

Clinical Chemistry

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17
Q

ROUTINELY REQUESTED CLINICAL CHEMISTRY ASSAYS

A

A. Blood Glucose
B. Blood Lipid Profile
C.Kidney (Renal) Function tests
D.Liver Function Tests
E. Cardiac Function Tests
F. Special Chemistry Tests: Tumor Markers

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18
Q

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3, PO4-3, Ca+2, Mg+2, etc.

A

Electrolytes

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19
Q

Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase,
Creatine phosphokinase, Lactic acid
dehydrogenase, Glutamic-Oxalacetic
Transaminase, Amylase, etc.

A

Enzymes

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20
Q

Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Pre-albumin,
Alpha globulins, Beta-globulins,
Immunoglobulins, etc.

A

Proteins

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21
Q

Glucose, Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine,Cholesterol, etc.

A

Organics

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22
Q

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, PO4-3, Urea
Nitrogen, Creatinine, Uric acid,
albumin

A

Renal (Kidney)

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23
Q

Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin, AST,
ALT, ALP, Cholesterol, Total protein,
albumin, globulin

A

Hepatic (liver)

24
Q

CPK, LDH, Troponin I, Myoglobin

A

Cardiac (Heart)

25
Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides
Hypertensive
26
Thyroxin, Free thyroxin, TSH
Thyroid
27
* Scientific study of blood, its components, and blood diseases. * Includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood diseases. * Whole Blood is used for the majority of test procedures.
Hematology
28
* is defined as the study of all the aspects of the immune system, including its structure and function. * Deals with the response of an organism to antigenic challenge and its recognition of what is self and non self.
Immunology/ Serology
29
*is a division of immunology that deals with the specializes in the laboratory detection and measurement of antigens and antibodies.
Serology
30
may be performed for diagnostic purposes when an infection is suspected and helps to diagnose patients with immunodeficiencies associated with the lack of antibodies.
Serological tests
31
* Deals with the uses of immunologic principles to study and identify the different blood groups * Separate area in a clinical laboratory where blood is collected from donors. * Prepares blood and blood components for transfusion
Blood Bank
32
Study of microorganisms too small to be seen by unaided eye. * A broad term which includes bacteriology, mycobacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology. * Responsible for growing and identifying the organisms obtained from patient’s blood, urine, or other body fluids, sputum, or wound. * After the organism is grown out (culture), susceptibility testing can be performed.
Microbiology
33
* Performs scientific analysis of non-blood body fluids such as urine, semen, and stool.
Clinical Microscopy
34
* The macroscopic, chemical, and microscopic examinations of urine provide initial valuable diagnostic information concerning metabolic dysfunctions of both renal and non renal origin.
ROUTINE URINALYSIS
35
* The common chemical testing of urine utilizes commercial disposable test strips * The result of testing is regarded as semi-quantitative * A fresh urine specimen is collected in a clean, dry container. A multistix strip is briefly immersed in the urine specimen, covering all reagent areas.
Chemical Tests for abnormal chemical constituents
36
* Looks for formed cellular elements, casts, bacteria, yeasts, parasites and crystals in centrifuged urine sediment
Microscopic exam for abnormal insoluble constituents
37
Important in evaluating fertility cases and status of post vasectomy cases.
SEMEN ANALYSIS
38
Fecalysis, stool concentration technique, occult blood determination and stool examination for fats help clinician in early detection of gasto-intestinal bleeding, liver and biliary duct disorders and malabsorption syndrome.
STOOL EXAMINATION
39
* Refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. * Examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed into glass slides.
Histopathology
40
Two sources of specimens:
1. Autopsy specimen 2. Biopsy specimen
41
* Process of recording the tissue specimen in a log book and assigning identification numbers to the specimen received in the laboratory
Numbering
42
Preserving the tissue specimen
Fixation
43
Process of removing water from the specimen by using increasing grades of ethyl alcohol
Dehydration
44
* Also known as de-alcoholization. * Process of removing excess alcohol in the tissues and making the tissues transparent.
Clearing
45
* the process of filling up the tissue spaces or cavities using a paraffin wax
Infiltration
46
The process of placing the infiltrated tissue inside a mold.
Embedding/Molding
47
The process of removing the excess paraffin wax from the block until it assumes the shape of a truncated pyramid.
Trimming
48
The process of putting the coverslip on the stained tissue using a mounting medium
Mounting
49
Means of identifying the specimen. The specimen number is indicated on the glass slide.
Labelling
50
* Overall activities conducted by the laboratory personnel to ensure reliability of test results.
Quality Assurance
51
includes day to day activities that are undertake In order to control factors or variables that may affect test results.
Internal Quality Assurance System (IQAS)
52
system of checking the performance of clinical Laboratory by designated external agencies.
External Quality Assurance System (EQAS)
53
for Hematology an Coagulation
NKTI
54
for Clinical Chemistry
Lung Center of the Phils.
55
for Microbiology and Parasitology
RITM
56
for Drugs of Abuse
EAMC
57
for Hepa B, Hepa C and HIV
SACCL

PRINCIPLE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE (10 decks)

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