Ethics Flashcards
Derived from Ancient Greek word “ethos” means the “theory of things” or “way of living”
Ethics
connotes the existence of real-world beliefs and
practices about proper human conduct.
MORALITY
may refer to what has been known as the standard
behavior or conduct in a particular place
ETHICS
refers to any behaviors or practice common to all groups.
MORALITY
ü Seeks the use of ethical reasons for the things or events that have happened or have been happening as the will of the Almighty God.
ü Means ethics far beyond the physical world, that is, the rule of power and the will of Almighty God over human reasoning
META-ETHICS
ü Branch of ethics that refers to the analysis of moral issues such as abortion, animal rights, and euthanasia.
ü Include environmental, medical, social, and business ethics
APPLIED ETHICS
ü Implies the institution of moral conduct in regulating what is right or wrong.
ü Basic principle: Golden rule
ü Bridges the gap between meta-ethics and applied ethics
NORMATIVE ETHICS
“To practice the profession and to prescribe medicine to the best of the physician’s ability for the good of the patients and try to avoid doing harm to the latter”
HIPPOCRATIC OATH
SCHOOLS OF ETHICS
Ethical Relativism
Ethical Pragmatism
Ethical Utilitarianism
- A school of ethics anchored on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture.
- For example, some cultures may accept certain acts and behaviors that are unacceptable to other cultures.
Ethical Relativism
- It is more of a theory on knowledge, truth and meaning rather than morality.
Ethical Pragmatism
- It states that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their consequences.
- Actions are good as long as they tend to promote happiness; bad if they produce unhappiness.
Ethical Utilitarianism
Moral Issues
- Abortion
- Euthanasia
- Genetic Engineering
involves genetic manipulations that are perceived to be against moral standards set by the society.
Genetic Engineering
purpose is to screen, choose and select the genes for proper detection of Any genetic disease and other chromosomal malformations.
Genetic Screening
techniques that include genetic control, therapy and surgery
Genetic Interventions
a form of genetic engineering that makes use of stem cell to treat or prevent diseases.
Stem-cell therapy
also known as laboratory fertilization.
In-vitro fertilization
ü Applies to the workforce and professionals.
ü Professionals act according to certain standards of behavior.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
“Whatever a medical technologist has examined must be verified and released.”
IMPARTIALITY AND OBJECTIVITY
“He/She should release the laboratory results as what is expected of the profession”
OPENNESS AND FULL DISCLOSURE
OPENNESS AND FULL DISCLOSURE
- Infectious disease testing
- HIV Testing
- Reporting of infectious diseases
- Treatment and record keeping
- Duty to warn
- Disclosure of infectious diseases
“Every laboratory examination must be carried out with due care and diligence”
DUE DILIGENCE
- Controls the release of medical records, limits the ability of persons to testify in court based on information obtained when providing professional services, or prohibits disclosure of information regarding specific diseases, such as HIV and drug use.
CONFIDENTIALITY
- A registered medical technologist should perform his/her job to the best of his/her abilities
FIDELITY TO PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
A registered medical technologist must be reliable and credible. He/she should have a basis in releasing the laboratory results
RELIABILITY AT WORK
A registered medical technologist should avoid conflicts of interest, especially those involving one’s own personal desires or wants.
AVOIDANCE OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Morality can be viewed in different perspective- as a law, as an inner conviction, as love, as personal growth, and social transformation
For Donal Harrington
a philosophical approach or movement that began in the 1870s
Pragmatism
Founded by two English Philosophers Jeremy Bentham (1748 - 1832) and John Stuart Mil (1806-1873), States that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their consequences
Ethical Utilitarianism
Considered illegal in the Philippines. Article II, Section 12 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that: The state recognizes the sanctity of life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution
Abortion
is the practice of ending a life intentionally, usually in situations when individual is terminally ill, to relieve him or her of pain and suffering
Euthanasia
as the process of inducing the painless death of a person who is severely debilitated for reason assumed to be merciful, through voluntary, non voluntary, involuntary means
Euthanasia for Herbert Hendin 2004
when an individual gives consent to subject himself or herself to a painless death
Voluntary Euthanasia
is conducted when the permission of the patient to perform the process is unavailable, like in the case of patient in a deep comatose, or neonates born with significant and major birth defects
Non- voluntary Euthanasia
when an individual does not give his or her consent
Involuntary Euthanasia
