Basic Concept on Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity Flashcards
Become the code of practice for biosafety-the discipline addressing the safe handling and containment of infectious microorganisms and hazardous biological materials.
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL)
- Laboratory Bio risk Management Standard
- the first internationally recognized management standard to specifically address hazards associated with microbiological laboratories at all containment levels
CWA-15793:2008
- Containment principles, technologies, and practices implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their unintentional release
Laboratory Biosafety
- Protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release.
Laboratory Biosecurity
is protecting people from dangerous pathogens
BIOSAFETY
is protecting pathogens from bad people
BIOSECURITY
Risk associated with biological materials
BIORISK
A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease.
Risk Group 1 (no or low individual and community risk)
A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment. Laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited.
Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community risk)
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available.
Risk Group 3 (high individual and community risk)
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available
Risk Group 4 (high individual and community risk)
- Basic teaching research
- GMT
- None; open bench work
Basic- Biosafety Level 1
- Primary health services; diagnostic services, research
- GMT plus protective clothing, biohazard sign
- Open bench plus BSC for potential aerosols
Basic- Biosafety Level 2
- Special diagnostic services, research
- As level 2 plus special clothing controlled access, directional airflow
- BSC and/or other primary devices for all activities
Containment- Biosafety Level 2
- Dangerous pathogen units
- As Level 3 plus airlock entry, shower exit, special waste disposal
- Class III BSC, or positive pressure suits in conjunction with class II BSCs, double ended autoclave (through the wall), filtered air.
Maximum containment- Biosafety Level 4
Dangerous and exotic, posing a high risk of aerosol- transmitted infection. Infections caused by these microbes are frequently fatal and without treatment or vaccines.
Example: Ebola, Smallpox.
BSL-4
- Microbes there can be either indigenous or exotic, and they can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission.
Example: HIV, H1N1 Flu, Yersinia pestis (The Plague), Tuberculosis, SARS, Rabies, West Nile Virus, Ricketts.
BSL-3
- Moderate potential hazard to personnel and environment. Includes bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to human, or are difficult to contact via aerosol in a lab setting
Example: Most Chlamydiae, hepatitis A, B, and C, Influenza A, Lyme disease, Salmonella, mumps, and measles.
BSL-2
- Not known to consistently cause disease in health adult humans, and of minimal potential Hazard to Laboratory Personnel and the environment.
Example: canine hepatitis, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, and non-infectious bacteria.
BSL-1
- System or process to control safety and security risks associated with the handling or storage and disposal of biological agents and toxins in laboratories and facilities
Laboratory Biorisk Management
Key Components of Biorisk Management
- Biorisk Assessment
- Biorisk Mitigation
- Biorisk Performance
- Process of identifying the hazards and evaluating the risks associated with biological agents and toxins, taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risks are acceptable
Biorisk Assessment
-Actions and control measures that are put into place to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with biological agents and toxins
Biorisk Mitigation
-Improving biorisk management by recording, measuring, and evaluating organizational actions and outcomes to reduce biorisk.
Biorisk Performance
- identify the specific hazard or threat
- determine the consequences of an identified risk
- identify all the existing controls and any
RISK ASSESSMENT
identify all the risks : 5Ps
Pathogen
Procedures
Personnel
PEP
Lace
is an object that can cause harm
hazard
is a person who has intent and/or ability to cause harm to other people, animals, or the institution
threat
can be based on either a hazard and/or a threat
risk
The likelihood of an undesirable event happening, that involves a specific hazard or threat and has consequences
Risk
No injuries, low financial loss
Insignificant
First aid treatment, on site release immediately contained
Minor
Medical treatment required, on site release contained with outside assistance, high financial loss
Moderate
Extensive injuries, loss of production capability, off site release with no detrimental effect, major financial loss
Major
Death, toxic release off site with detrimental effect, huge financial loss
Catastrophic
Agent Properties
Pathogenicity
Virulence
Host range
Communicability
Transmission
Environmental Stability
PPE
Training
SOPs
Equipment used
Procedures
- Suppose you are working with a seasonal influenza virus, conducting testing on a human respiratory specimen, on the bench-top, with no respiratory protection.
- What is the likelihood of exposure?
- What are the consequences of exposure?
- What are some factors that should be considered?
Risk Characterization
Risk Evaluation is the process of determining, subjectively, whether a risk is high or low, and whether it’s acceptable or not.
Risk Evaluation
Risk identification Hazard/ threat identification Likelihood evaluation Consequences evaluation
Assessment
Elimination or substitution Engineering controls Administrative controls Practices and procedures personal protective equipment
Mitigation
Control Assurance Improvement
Performance
Removing the risk
Elimination
Substitution of a serious pathogen with one this is much less pathogenic
Substitution
Physical changes to work stations, equipment , materials, production facilities, or any other relevant aspects of the work environment that reduce or prevent exposure to hazards
Controls: Engineering
Policies, standards and guidelines
Administrative
Process and activities
Practice and Procedures
Device worn by the worker to protect against hazards
PPE
o Last control in the hierarchy of controls
o Should be used with other controls.
o However, in many laboratories it is the first control implemented, and sometimes the only control
- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
o Breaking the chain to manage the risk
o Pathogen
o Reservoir of pathogen
o Portal of escape
o Transmission
o Route of entry/infectious dose
o Susceptible host
Points to consider
