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PRINCIPLE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE > Basic Concept on Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity > Flashcards

Basic Concept on Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity Flashcards

1
Q

Become the code of practice for biosafety-the discipline addressing the safe handling and containment of infectious microorganisms and hazardous biological materials.

A

Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL)

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2
Q
  • Laboratory Bio risk Management Standard
  • the first internationally recognized management standard to specifically address hazards associated with microbiological laboratories at all containment levels
A

CWA-15793:2008

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3
Q
  • Containment principles, technologies, and practices implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their unintentional release
A

Laboratory Biosafety

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4
Q
  • Protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release.
A

Laboratory Biosecurity

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5
Q

is protecting people from dangerous pathogens

A

BIOSAFETY

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6
Q

is protecting pathogens from bad people

A

BIOSECURITY

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7
Q

Risk associated with biological materials

A

BIORISK

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8
Q

A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease.

A

Risk Group 1 (no or low individual and community risk)

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9
Q

A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment. Laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited.

A

Risk Group 2 (moderate individual risk, low community risk)

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10
Q

A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available.

A

Risk Group 3 (high individual and community risk)

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11
Q

A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available

A

Risk Group 4 (high individual and community risk)

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12
Q
  • Basic teaching research
  • GMT
  • None; open bench work
A

Basic- Biosafety Level 1

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13
Q
  • Primary health services; diagnostic services, research
  • GMT plus protective clothing, biohazard sign
  • Open bench plus BSC for potential aerosols
A

Basic- Biosafety Level 2

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14
Q
  • Special diagnostic services, research
  • As level 2 plus special clothing controlled access, directional airflow
  • BSC and/or other primary devices for all activities
A

Containment- Biosafety Level 2

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15
Q
  • Dangerous pathogen units
  • As Level 3 plus airlock entry, shower exit, special waste disposal
  • Class III BSC, or positive pressure suits in conjunction with class II BSCs, double ended autoclave (through the wall), filtered air.
A

Maximum containment- Biosafety Level 4

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16
Q

Dangerous and exotic, posing a high risk of aerosol- transmitted infection. Infections caused by these microbes are frequently fatal and without treatment or vaccines.
Example: Ebola, Smallpox.

A

BSL-4

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17
Q
  • Microbes there can be either indigenous or exotic, and they can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission.
    Example: HIV, H1N1 Flu, Yersinia pestis (The Plague), Tuberculosis, SARS, Rabies, West Nile Virus, Ricketts.
A

BSL-3

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18
Q
  • Moderate potential hazard to personnel and environment. Includes bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to human, or are difficult to contact via aerosol in a lab setting

Example: Most Chlamydiae, hepatitis A, B, and C, Influenza A, Lyme disease, Salmonella, mumps, and measles.

A

BSL-2

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19
Q
  • Not known to consistently cause disease in health adult humans, and of minimal potential Hazard to Laboratory Personnel and the environment.
    Example: canine hepatitis, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, and non-infectious bacteria.
A

BSL-1

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20
Q
  • System or process to control safety and security risks associated with the handling or storage and disposal of biological agents and toxins in laboratories and facilities
A

Laboratory Biorisk Management

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21
Q

Key Components of Biorisk Management

A
  • Biorisk Assessment
  • Biorisk Mitigation
  • Biorisk Performance
22
Q
  • Process of identifying the hazards and evaluating the risks associated with biological agents and toxins, taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risks are acceptable
A

Biorisk Assessment

23
Q

-Actions and control measures that are put into place to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with biological agents and toxins

A

Biorisk Mitigation

24
Q

-Improving biorisk management by recording, measuring, and evaluating organizational actions and outcomes to reduce biorisk.

A

Biorisk Performance

25
Q
  • identify the specific hazard or threat
  • determine the consequences of an identified risk
  • identify all the existing controls and any
A

RISK ASSESSMENT

26
Q

identify all the risks : 5Ps

A

 Pathogen
 Procedures
 Personnel
 PEP
 Lace

27
Q

is an object that can cause harm

A

hazard

28
Q

is a person who has intent and/or ability to cause harm to other people, animals, or the institution

A

threat

29
Q

can be based on either a hazard and/or a threat

A

risk

30
Q

The likelihood of an undesirable event happening, that involves a specific hazard or threat and has consequences

A

Risk

31
Q

No injuries, low financial loss

A

Insignificant

32
Q

First aid treatment, on site release immediately contained

A

Minor

33
Q

Medical treatment required, on site release contained with outside assistance, high financial loss

A

Moderate

34
Q

Extensive injuries, loss of production capability, off site release with no detrimental effect, major financial loss

A

Major

35
Q

Death, toxic release off site with detrimental effect, huge financial loss

A

Catastrophic

36
Q

Agent Properties

A

 Pathogenicity
 Virulence
 Host range
 Communicability
 Transmission
 Environmental Stability

37
Q

 PPE
 Training
 SOPs
 Equipment used

A

Procedures

38
Q
  • Suppose you are working with a seasonal influenza virus, conducting testing on a human respiratory specimen, on the bench-top, with no respiratory protection.
  • What is the likelihood of exposure?
  • What are the consequences of exposure?
  • What are some factors that should be considered?
A

Risk Characterization

39
Q

Risk Evaluation is the process of determining, subjectively, whether a risk is high or low, and whether it’s acceptable or not.

A

Risk Evaluation

40
Q

Risk identification Hazard/ threat identification Likelihood evaluation Consequences evaluation

A

Assessment

41
Q

Elimination or substitution Engineering controls Administrative controls Practices and procedures personal protective equipment

A

Mitigation

42
Q

Control Assurance Improvement

A

Performance

43
Q

Removing the risk

A

Elimination

44
Q

Substitution of a serious pathogen with one this is much less pathogenic

A

Substitution

45
Q

Physical changes to work stations, equipment , materials, production facilities, or any other relevant aspects of the work environment that reduce or prevent exposure to hazards

A

Controls: Engineering

46
Q

Policies, standards and guidelines

A

Administrative

47
Q

Process and activities

A

Practice and Procedures

48
Q

Device worn by the worker to protect against hazards

A

PPE

49
Q

o Last control in the hierarchy of controls
o Should be used with other controls.
o However, in many laboratories it is the first control implemented, and sometimes the only control

A
  • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
50
Q

o Breaking the chain to manage the risk
o Pathogen
o Reservoir of pathogen
o Portal of escape
o Transmission
o Route of entry/infectious dose
o Susceptible host

A

Points to consider

PRINCIPLE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE (10 decks)

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