History of Medical Technology Profession Flashcards
- Application of principles of natural,
physical, and biological sciences. - Performance of laboratory procedures.
- Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
By Heinemann:
- Performance of laboratory determinations
and analyses - Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
- Maintenance of health
By Anna Fagelson:
- Health profession concerned with performing
laboratory analyses. - Obtaining information necessary in the
diagnosis and treatment of disease. - Maintenance of good health.
By Walters
“Medical technology is an auxiliary branch of laboratory medicine which deals with the
examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical procedures, techniques which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general.”
According to “The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 (RA 5527)”
Intestinal parasites such as Taenia and Ascaris were mentioned in early writings.
1500 B.C.
Book for treatment of diseases containing a description of the three stages of hookworm infection (Vivian Herrick).
Ebers Papyrus
- “Father of Medicine”
- Advocated the use of “mind and senses” as diagnostic tools.
- Described 4 humors or body fluids in the human body
- Associated the appearance of bubbles on the surface of urine to kidney disease and chronic illness.
300 B.C – Hippocrates
- Made the first description of hematuria as
the presence of blood in the urine
Around 50 A.D – Rufus of Ephesus
- Diagnosis by “water casting” was popularized.
Middle Ages
- Quacks reaped fortunes from diagnosing
disease by the appearance of the urine. (Ruth Williams) - Hindu doctors made the scientific observation that the urine of certain individuals attracted ants and that such urine has a sweetish taste.
1096-1438 (Medieval period)
- Italian physician at the University of Bologna employed Alexandra Giliani to perform certain tasks which would now be considered those of the medical technologist.
- She was an anatomist, serving as the first
woman pro-sector or preparer of dissections
for anatomical study. - Unfortunately, this young lady died of
laboratory acquired infection.
14th Century
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented and
improved the compound microscope. - He was the first to describe the red blood
cells, to see protozoa, and to classify bacteria according to shape.
17th century (1632-1723)
- Observed that proteins in the urine
precipitated when boiled with acetic acid
Frederick Dekkers
- Described as the “greatest” of the early
microscopist. - He was also the “Founder of Pathology”
because of his contributions in the field of
embryology and anatomy.
1628-1694 – Marcello Malphigi
- Practiced pathology
- He was the founder of the Archives of
pathology in Berlin, Germany.
1847- Rudolf Virchow
- Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar.
1848 – Hermann von Fehling
- production of aniline dyes which is used in staining bacteria for microscopy.
- Era of public health.
19th century
- Discovered the concepts of aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria - Discovered that wine spoiling due to
microbes could be prevented by partial heat sterilization (pasteurization) at a temperature of 55̊˚C – 60̊˚C. - Developed a vaccine against anthrax in 1881.
1861- Louis Pasteur
- Formulated the Koch’s postulates
- Specificity of a pathogen can be established if:
1. It is present in all cases
2. Inoculations of its pure culture produce disease in animals
3. From these cultures, it can again be obtained
4. Then it can again be propagated in pure cultures.
Robert Koch
Specificity of a pathogen can be established if:
- It is present in all cases
- Inoculations of its pure culture produce disease in animals
- From these cultures, it can again be obtained
- Then it can again be propagated in pure
cultures.
The first chemical laboratory related to medicine was established at the University of Michigan by Dr.Douglas.
- He pioneered laboratory instruction in this
well-equipped laboratory.
The History of Medical Technology in the United States
- Established another laboratory at the
Bellevue Hospital Medical College. - He gave the first laboratory course in
Pathology ever offered in an American
Medical School.
1878, Dr. William H. Welch
- Became the first professor of pathology at John Hopkins University.
1885, Dr. William H. Welch
- First clinical laboratory opened at the John Hopkins Hospital
- Routine examinations were carried out
- Special attention is given to the search for malarial parasites in blood.
1896, Dr. William Osler
- Clinical laboratory was also opened at the University of Pennsylvania
- William Pepper Laboratory
1895-1896
- Wrote the book “A Manual of Clinical
Diagnosis”. - It was retitled “Clinical Diagnosis by
Laboratory Methods” in its 6th edition by Dr. Todd and Dr. Arthur Sanford. - This book became the standard reference for laboratories.
1908- Dr. James C. Todd
- 100 technicians, all male employed in the
United States. - This increased to 3,500 in 1920.
- In 1922, 3,035 hospitals had clinical
laboratories.
1919 census,
- The state legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospitals and institutions
1915
- One of the first schools to train laboratory
workers. - A course bulletin was titled “Courses in
Medical Technology for Clinical and
laboratory Technicians.
1922, University of Minnesota-
- first to offer a degree-level program.
1923, University of Minnesota
- The United States required a 2-year collegiate education and a twelve-month actual training in the laboratory for the preparation of its practice.
1940
- Standard curriculum was formalized in
preparation for a Bachelor of Science degree.
1950
- Introduced the Medical technology
- First clinical laboratory: 208 Quiricada St., Sta Cruz Manila
- 6th Infantry Division of the U.S Army
- Reorganized the deserted laboratory
- Supported by Dr. Mariano Icasiano – Manila City Health Officer.
- The Laboratory was later named Manila
Public Health Laboratory
- October 1, 1945 – Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda
