nature/nurture Flashcards
1
Q
Introduction Structure:
A
- Define Nature and Nurture
- Define DNA
- Give examples
- Psychological characteristics
- intelligence
- shyness
- personality - Mention theorists
- Bouchard
- Flynn effect
- Plomin
- Allport
2
Q
Paragraph 1 Structure:
A
- Intelligence:
- define - Evidence for nature - Bouchard - twin evidence
- Evidence for nurture - Flynn effect
3
Q
Paragraph 2 Structure:
A
- Developmental - shyness and personality
- Evidence - plomic - adoption evidence
- Personality - Allport (nurture)
4
Q
Define Nature and Nurture - opening
A
- The nature vs nurture debate is a discussion on whether ones characteristics are determined by their biological upbringing, or the environment they surround themselves in everyday.
5
Q
Define Nature
A
- Nature consists of genetics and DNA that one is born with and demonstrates these genes throughout their lifetime.
6
Q
Define Nurture
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- Nurture is the environment one surrounds themselves in on a daily basis. This theory suggests that nurture could manipulate your characteristics from anything such as parenting, social groups, work environments and education.
7
Q
Psychological Characteristics - intro
A
- Genetics and the environment both influence psychological characteristics in different ways. These psychological characteristics consist of intelligence and developmental psychology such as shyness and personality.
8
Q
Mention theorists - intro
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- These factors affecting the above characteristics were identified by theorists Bouchard, Polmin, Flynn, Allport and Eysenck.
9
Q
PARA 1: Define Intelligence
A
- Intelligence is the global capacity to think and act effectively with the environment - Wechsler
10
Q
PARA 1: Bouchard
A
- Bouchard was an American Psychologist who discovered the inter-relationships between twins who reared together and apart. Throughout his experiment, he noticed that identical twins who reared apart still shared a higher IQ level, then those fraternal twins who reared together. This supports the theory of nature as it shows that the psychology characteristic, intelligence, is determined by genetics and not the surrounding environment.
11
Q
PARA 1: Flynn
A
- However, the Flynn effect, created by James Flynn, showed a graph which indicated the increase in IQ levels around the world over time. He also stated, that the world’s intelligence goes up 3% every year. This suggests that ones surrounding environment, nurture, creates an influence on someones intelligence and that it’s not genetics.
12
Q
PARA 2: Developmental definition
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- Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over their lifetime
13
Q
PARA 2: Developmental: shyness & personality
A
- Two aspects of developmental psychology are shyness and personality. Both of these aspects are affected by nature and nurture as both share different approaches in the debate.
14
Q
PARA 2: Plomic
A
- Plomic completed a test revealing whether adopted children were generally more sociable or shy to see if they were more like their biological or adoptive parents. Genetics was found to play a role in shyness, as one biological parent displayed strong shyness which was replicated in her birth child whom she hadn’t been in contact with in years.
15
Q
PARA 2: Allport
A
- However, American psychologist, Allport, organised traits into a hierarchy consisting of cardinal traits, central traits and secondary traits. He stated that these traits may differ over years depending on what others you surround yourself by think of you. This shows he supports nurture depending on the environment.
