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Cognition Unit 1 > Biological Influences > Flashcards

Biological Influences Flashcards

1
Q

The Lobes

A

Occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal, brainstem, cerebellum, corpus callosum

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2
Q

Part of the Cerebral Cortex

A

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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3
Q

Left Hemisphere Characteristics

A

Language, writing, logical

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4
Q

Right Hemisphere Characteristics

A

Drawings, problem solving, mapping

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5
Q

Name the structures of the neuron

A

dendrites, axon, cell body, axon terminal, myelin sheath, schwann cell

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6
Q

Describe the function of a dendrite

A
  • fine extensions of the cell body

- receive information from other neurons

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7
Q

Describe the function of a cell body

A
  • contains the nucleus that controls the function of the neuron
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8
Q

Describe the function of an axon

A
  • transmits information from cell body to other cells
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9
Q

Describe the function of an axon terminal

A
  • u3d
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10
Q

Describe the function of myelin sheath

A
  • fatty substance that protects the axon and assists with transmission of nerve impulses.
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11
Q

Describe the function of a schwann cell

A

4rd

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12
Q

Summarise the case study of Phineas Gage

A
  • severe brain injury to a foreman on the railroad for a construction site
  • a spark from the tamping iron ignited the powder causing the iron to be propelled at high speed straight through the skull
  • change in personality was noticed
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13
Q

What does CAT stand for

A

Computerised
Axial
Tomography

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14
Q

Describe CAT

A
  • a technique that produces a computer-enhanced image of a cross section
  • involves moving an X-Ray source in an arc around the head
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15
Q

What does MRI stand for

A

Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging

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16
Q

Describe MRI

A
  • uses magnetic fields and radio waves to vibrate atoms in the brain to produce an image
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17
Q

What does PET stand for

A

Positron
Emission
Tomography

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18
Q

Describe PET

A
  • uses a radioactive tracer to enable production of a computer-generated image
  • provides information about the brain structure
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19
Q

Limitations of a PET scan

A
  • less detailed than fMRI

- more expensive than fMRI

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20
Q

What does fMRI stand for

A

Functional
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging

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21
Q

Describe fMRI

A
  • shows which brain areas are active during a task

- identifies smaller areas of the brain

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22
Q

Limitations of a CAT scan

A
  • only shows brain structure not activity
23
Q

What does EEG stand for

A
  • electroencephalogram

-

24
Q

Describe EEG

A
  • used to investigate the whole brain
25
Q

Limitations of an EEG scan

A
  • doesn’t provide information about particular parts of the brain
26
Q

Limitations of a MRI scan

A
  • can’t be used on people who have metal objects in their body
27
Q

Two halves

A

68y2

28
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons in the CNS and their functions?

A
  • motor - impulses away from CNS
  • sensory - impulses toward CNS
  • connector - pass impulses from sensory to motor neurons
29
Q

Define Medulla Oblongata

A
  • helps the heart rate and blood pressure
30
Q

What is the Hindbrain responsible for?

A
  • breathing, blood flow and balance
31
Q

What are the main parts of the Hindbrain?

A
  • medulla
  • cerebrum
  • pons
32
Q

Define Pons

A
  • organises reflexes that are more complex
33
Q

Define Cerebrum

A

-

34
Q

What are the main parts in the Midbrain?

A
  • Sensory switchboard

- Reticular formation

35
Q

What is the Midbrain responsible for?

A
  • ## located above the brainstem, connects the forebrain and hindbrain
36
Q

Define sensory switchboard

A
  • receives and processes sensory information
37
Q

Define reticular formation

A
  • redirects stimuli to the cerebral cortex
38
Q

What is the Forebrain responsible for?

A
  • deals with higher functioning activities
39
Q

Define thalamus

A
  • send motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
40
Q

Define hypothalamus

A
  • link the nervous system
41
Q

Define cerebral cortex

A
  • the outside layers of the cerebrum
42
Q

Define corpus callosum

A
  • holds the two hemispheres together and sends messages to each
43
Q

What are the main parts of the forebrain?

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • cerebral cortex
  • corpus callosum
44
Q

Define association areas

A
  • collects information from other brain structures
45
Q

Strengths of a CAT scan

A
  • radiation is harmless

- clearer image than an x-ray

46
Q

Strengths of EEG

A
  • provides general information
47
Q

Limitations of a fMRI scan

A
  • can’t be used on patients with pacemakers
48
Q

Strengths of a fMRI scan

A
  • more highly detailed
49
Q

Describe the frontal lobe

A
  • planning and voluntary control
  • damage:
  • lack of eyesight
  • changes in personality
50
Q

Describe the Parietal lobe

A
  • responsible for sensations
  • damage:
  • reduction in bodily feelings
51
Q

Describe the Occipital lobe

A
  • responsible for vision
  • damage:
  • blind spots
52
Q

Describe the Temporal lobe

A
  • responsible for hearing, language and memory
  • damage:
  • disruption of spoken language
53
Q

Strengths of a PET scan

A
  • detailed images of the brain (thinking, reading, speech)
54
Q

Strengths of an MRI

A
  • more detailed and clearer than CT scans

Cognition Unit 1 (8 decks)

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