Natural Selection and Genetic Modification Flashcards
What does Natural Selection mean
Survival of the fittest
How do new alleles arise?
From mutations
How is antibiotic resistance in Bacteria evidence for evolution?
It makes the bacteria better adapted to an environment in which antibiotics are present
How are fossils evidence for evolution?
By arranging them in chronological order (the deeper the fossils, the older they are), scientists can observe gradual changes in features, providing evidence for evolution.
Which ship did Charles Darwin spend 5 years aboard, studying the plants and animals of the areas they visited?
HMS Beagle
Who else helped Charles Darwin in discovering the theory of evolution?
Alfred Russel Wallace
Give 3 areas in which Darwin and Wallace’s findings influence modern Biology.
Classification, antibiotic resistance and conservation
Was Lucy’s brain size similar in size to a chimp or human brain?
Chimp
How old is the fossil ‘Ardi’?
4.4 million years
What species is Turkana Boy?
Homo erectus
List the 3 fossil Hominids in order from oldest to youngest.
Ardi, Lucy, Turkana Boy
Give examples of tools used by Homo neanderthalis.
Flint tools, pointed tools and wooden spears
Give 3 ways scientists can work out how old an ancient stone tool or fossil hominid is.
Looking at the structural features
Using stratigraphy- the study of rock layers
Carbon-14 dating
How many digits does a pentadactyl limb have?
5
How do pentadactyl limbs provide evidence for evolution?
The similarity in bone structure provides evidence that species with a pentadacyl limb have all evolved from a common ancestor that had a pentadacyl limb.
Give the order of classification, starting with kingdom.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Name the 5 kingdoms.
Animals, Plants, Fungi, Prokaryotes and Protists
Why is the 5 kingdom classification system now out of date?
Technology has allowed us to further our understanding of biochemical processes and the sequence of DNA bases.
What 3 domains are being proposed by Carl Woese?
Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya.
What is selective breeding?
When humans artificially select the plants or animals that are going to breed.
Give 2 advantages of selective breeding.
Can improve yields, Can be used in medical research for things like cancer and diabetes.
Give 2 disadvantages of selective breeding
Reduces the gene pool so breeders forced to inbreed
All organisms die if a new disease appears because all are the same.
What does growing plants using tissue cultures involve?
Growing cells on an artificial growth medium
Why are animal tissue cultures useful in medical research?
You can carry out all kinds of experiments on tissues in isolation
