Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines

Question 1

What is the WHO definition of Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease.

Question 2

Can communicable diseases be spread?

Answer 2

YES

Question 3

Name 3 communicable diseases

Answer 3

Eg: Cholera, TB, Malaria, Stomach Ulcers, Ebola, Chalara Ash dieback.

Question 4

Name 3 non-communicable diseases

Answer 4

• Cancer
• Alzheimer’s.
• Asthma.
• Cataracts.
• Chronic Kidney Disease.
• Chronic Lung Disease.
• Diabetes.
• Fibromyalgia.
• Heart Disease.

Question 5

Is malaria caused by a virus, bacteria, protist or fungus?

Answer 5

Protist

Question 6

How could you prevent cholera?

Answer 6

Clean Water Supplies

Question 7

What is chalara ash dieback caused by?

Answer 7

Fungus

Question 8

Why are viruses not cells?

Answer 8

They are no more than a protein coat and a strand of genetic material.

Question 9

What are the steps in the lytic cycle?

Answer 9

• 1- attachment. attach to the cell mainly bacterial cell.
• 2-penetration. only nucleic acid is injected into the cell through the hole caused by the tail fibres and enzymes.
• 3- synthesis. replication of viral nucleic acid and protein and envelope.
• 4- assembly.
• 5- release.

Question 10

Why do Chlamydia bacteria behave like viruses?

Answer 10

They can only reproduce inside host cells

Question 11

How does HIV lead to AIDS?

Answer 11

It weakens the immune system so much it can’t fight disease.

Question 12

Name 2 physical defences plants have

Answer 12

Waxy Cuticle

Cell Walls

Question 13

Name 2 chemical defences plants have

Answer 13

Antiseptics

Chemicals to deter pests

Question 14

Name 2 chemical defences humans have

Answer 14

Hydrochloric acid

Lysozyme in tears

Question 15

Name 2 physical defences humans have

Answer 15

Skin

Hairs and mucus in nose and lungs

Question 16

How do B-lymphocytes detect pathogens?

Answer 16

Antigens are detected on the pathogen

Cells then produce antibodies which lock onto antigens this kills the pathogen.

Question 17

Why do you need 2 immunisations to the same disease?

Answer 17

It makes the immune response faster and stronger.

Question 18

Name a pro for immunisation.

Answer 18

1) Epidemics can be avoided by herd immunity

2) Some diseases have been wiped out by immunisation

Question 19

Name a con for immunisation

Answer 19

1) Doesn’t always work

2) Can have a bad reaction

Question 20

What are monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 20

Monoclonal antibodies are identical copies of antibodies that have been made in laboratories. They have a number of different uses. They need to be made in large numbers to work properly.

Question 21

How are monoclonal antibodies made?

Answer 21

Mouse is injected with antigen
B lymphocytes taken from mouse
Fused with Cancer call to create a hybridoma which divides quickly o produce monoclonal antibodies.

Question 22

Name 3 uses for Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 22

Pregnancy tests
Identify Cancer cells
Treat cancer
Identify Blood clots

Question 23

Why is it better to use Monoclonal antibodies not Chemotherapy to treat cancer?

Answer 23

Not as many unwanted side effects.

Question 24

How do Antibiotics treat Bacterial Infections?

Answer 24

Inhibits processes with the bacteria.

Question 25

What is the purpose of Preclinical testing?

Answer 25

To check it won't harm body cells.

Question 26

What is the placebo effect?

Answer 26

When the patient expects the treatment to work and so feels better but they don't get the actual drug.

Question 27

What can bacteria be grown on?

Answer 27

Agar jelly/plate

Question 28

Why don't you leave the bacteria higher than 25C in the core practical when cultivating a colony?

Answer 28

So unwanted bacteria don't grow.

Question 29

How do you perform Aseptic technique?

Answer 29

``` Sterilisation Pass the inoculating loop through a flame Keep bacteria in a container with a lid. Keep Petri dish covered with a lid Store Petri dish upside down. ```

Question 30

Calculate the inhibition zone if the diameter is 24mm.

Answer 30

452.3893421

Question 31

What drug, found in cigarettes, increases heart rate and blood pressure?

Answer 31

Nicotine

Question 32

Name a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease.

Answer 32

Smoking, alcohol, lack of exercise, diet high in fat

Question 33

Name 2 risk factors of obesity.

Answer 33

Low exercise and diet high in sugar and fat.

Question 34

Name a local effect of non-communicable disease.

Answer 34

Pressure on hospitals

Question 35

Name a national effect of non-communicable disease.

Answer 35

NHS suffers, reduction in people at work

Question 36

Name a international effect of non-communicable disease.

Answer 36

Number one cause of death.

Question 37

Calculate the body mass index (BMI) of someone who is 69.4kg and 169cm tall.

Answer 37

24.29886909

Question 38

Is someone with a BMI of 29.54 Overweight?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Why is BMI inaccurate for muscular athletes?

Answer 39

Muscle weighs more than fat

Question 40

Calculate the waist-to-hip ratio of a women who has a waist of 59cm and a hip of 81cm. Have they got abdominal obesity?

Answer 40

0.728395061 | NO

Question 41

What is cardiovascular disease?

Answer 41

Any disease associated with your heart or blood vessels.

Question 42

Name 3 ways to treat cardiovascular disease.

Answer 42

Lifestyle changes Drugs Surgical Procedures

Question 43

What is an advantage of Surgical Procedures?

Answer 43

Effective

Question 44

What is a disadvantage of Surgical Procedures?

Answer 44

``` Rejection Side effects Bleeding Clots Infection ```