Exchange and Transport in Animals

Question 1

Name 3 things organisms need to exchange with their environment.

Answer 1

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water, Urea

Question 2

Calculate the surface area of a 4mm x 5mm x 8mm cell.

Answer 2

184mm^2

Question 3

Calculate the volume of a 4mm x 5mm x 8mm cell.

Answer 3

160mm^3

Question 4

Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a 4mm x 5mm x 8mm cell.

Answer 4

23:20

Question 5

Name 3 things that effect the rate of diffusion

Answer 5

Surface area, Thickness of the membrane and the concentration difference.

Question 6

State Fick’s Law

Answer 6

Rate of diffusion is proportional to (Surface area x difference in concentration) / thickness of surface exchange.

Question 7

Briefly describe how gas exchange happens in the alveoli.

Answer 7

1. Blood with not a lot of Oxygen enters the alveoli.

2. Oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli into the blood and the Carbon Dioxide diffuses out.

Question 8

Name 3 adaptations of the alveoli.

Answer 8

Moist lining for dissolving gases
Good blood supply to maintain gradients of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Very thin walls
Large Surface area

Question 9

What is the job of the Red Blood Cells?

Answer 9

To carry oxygen

Question 10

What shape are Red blood cells?

Answer 10

Biconcave disc

Question 11

Why do erythrocytes not have a nucleus?

Answer 11

More space for Oxygen and haemoglobin.

Question 12

Name 2 types of White Blood Cells

Answer 12

Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

Question 13

What do Phagocytes do?

Answer 13

Engulf microorganisms

Question 14

What do Lymphocytes do?

Answer 14

Produce antibodies and antitoxins

Question 15

What are platelets?

Answer 15

Small fragments of dead cells

Question 16

What do platelets do?

Answer 16

Help blood Clot

Question 17

What does the Plasma do?

Answer 17

Carries Everything in the blood.

Question 18

What does the plasma hold?

Answer 18

Red and White blood cells
Platelets
Nutrients
Carbon dioxide
Urea
Hormones
Proteins
Antibodies and antitoxins

Question 19

Where do arteries carry blood?

Answer 19

Away from the heart

Question 20

What are the capillaries involved in?

Answer 20

The exchange of materials at the tissues

Question 21

Where do the veins carry blood?

Answer 21

To the heart

Question 22

Name an adaptation of the arteries

Answer 22

Thick layers of muscle to make them strong and elastic fibres

Question 23

True of False? Arteries carry blood under high pressure.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

How thick are capillary walls?

Answer 24

1 cell thick

Question 25

Why are Capillaries so small?

Answer 25

To minimise diffusion distance because they can squeeze into small gaps so every cell gets oxygen

Question 26

Which blood vessel has valves?

Answer 26

Veins

Question 27

Name an adaptation of veins

Answer 27

Elastic fibres and smooth muscle and a large lumen

Question 28

Name an animal with a single circulatory system

Answer 28

Fish

Question 29

Which blood vessels in the heart carries blood containing more oxygen?

Answer 29

Pulmonary vein and the aorta

Question 30

Which blood vessels in the heart carries blood containing less oxygen?

Answer 30

Pulmonary artery and the vena cava.

Question 31

Name the 4 valves in the heart.

Answer 31

Tricuspid Valve, Bicuspid valve, semi-lunar valves

Question 32

Why is the muscle on the left side thicker than the muscle on the right side?

Answer 32

Because that side has to pump blood around the body.

Question 33

What is Cardiac Output?

Answer 33

The total volume of blood pumped by a ventricle each minute

Question 34

What is Stroke Volume?

Answer 34

Volume of blood pumped by a ventricle each time it contracts.

Question 35

Calculate cardiac output if stroke volume is 62cm^3 and their heart rate is 54bpm.

Answer 35

3348cm^3min^-1

Question 36

Calculate stroke volume if the cardiac output is 3475cm^3min^-1 and heart rate is 55bpm

Answer 36

63.18cm^3

Question 37

Calculate heart rate if Cardiac output is 5230cm^3min^-1 and stroke volume is 55cm^3.

Answer 37

95bpm

Question 38

What is respiration?

Answer 38

The process of transferring energy from the breakdown of molecules like glucose.

Question 39

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 39

Glucose+Oxygen=Carbon dioxide+water | C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+H2O

Question 40

What is the most efficient way of transferring energy from glucose?

Answer 40

Aerobic respiration.

Question 41

What doesn't Anaerobic respiration use?

Answer 41

Oxygen

Question 42

What is produced when glucose is only partly broken down?

Answer 42

Lactic Acid

Question 43

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 43

Glucose->Lactic acid

Question 44

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?

Answer 44

Glucose->Ethanol+Carbon Dioxide

Question 45

Describe an experiment to investigate the rate of respiration.

Answer 45

The apparatus consists of two tubes, one containing the living organisms and the other with glass beads to act as a control. Both tubes contain an alkali such as sodium hydroxide to absorb any carbon dioxide given off during respiration. This ensures that any volume changes measured in the experiment are due to oxygen uptake only. Once the apparatus has been set up, the movement of the coloured liquid towards the insect will give a measure of the volume of oxygen taken up by the insect for respiration. The reduction of volume in the tube increases pressure causing the coloured liquid to move. The distance moved by the liquid in a given time is measured will provide the volume of oxygen taken in by the insect per minute. Volume is given by volume of a cylinder , where is the distance moved by the coloured liquid. The unit of rate of respiration is cm3/min.