Cells and Cell Control

Question 1

What do Chromosomes contain?

Answer 1

Genetic information

Question 2

What are Chromosomes coiled up lengths of?

Answer 2

DNA molecules

Question 3

What is it called when cells divide?

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

What does the cell cycle do?

Answer 4

Makes new cells for growth and repair

Question 5

What do some multicellular organisms uses mitosis for ?

Answer 5

Reproduction

Question 6

What is the first phase in mitosis?

Answer 6

Interphase

Question 7

What is the second phase in mitosis?

Answer 7

Prophase

Question 8

What is the third phase in mitosis?

Answer 8

Metaphase

Question 9

What is the fourth phase in mitosis?

Answer 9

Anaphase

Question 10

What is the last phase in mitosis?

Answer 10

Telophase

Question 11

What does the cytoplasm and cell membrane do before the telophase ends?

Answer 11

Divide to form 2 separate cells

Question 12

What is the process of forming two separate cells called?

Answer 12

Cytokinesis

Question 13

What is formed after mitosis is complete?

Answer 13

2 daughter cells which are genetically identical diploid cells?

Question 14

What does growth involve?

Answer 14

Cell Division, differentiation and elongation

Question 15

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 15

The process where a cell becomes specialised for its job

Question 16

What is cell division?

Answer 16

Mitosis

Question 17

What is cell elongation?

Answer 17

Where a plant cell expands

Question 18

How does all growth in animals happen?

Answer 18

By cell division

Question 19

How does all growth in plants happen?

Answer 19

By cell elongation

Question 20

How is cancer formed?

Answer 20

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 21

What is a mass of abnormal cells called?

Answer 21

Tumour

Question 22

What happens when a tumour invades and destroys surrounding tissue?

Answer 22

Causes cancer

Question 23

What are percentile charts used to monitor?

Answer 23

Monitor growth

Question 24

What measurements are taken to use the percentile chart?

Answer 24

Length, mass and head circumference

Question 25

What can stem cells do?

Answer 25

Differentiate into different types of cells

Question 26

Where are stem cells found?

Answer 26

In human embryos or bone marrow

Question 27

What are meristems?

Answer 27

Plant stem cells

Question 28

How can stem cells be used medicinally?

Answer 28

To cure disease e.g. sickle cell anaemia can be cured by a bone marrow transplant- the adult stem cells

Question 29

What risks are there with stem cell treatment?

Answer 29

Tumour development, disease transmission, rejection and ethical issues

Question 30

What do the brain and the spinal cord make up?

Answer 30

The Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 31

What are the 3 parts of the brain?

Answer 31

Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Medulla oblongata.

Question 32

What is the cerebrum control?

Answer 32

Controls muscles, movement, intelligence, memory, language and vision

Question 33

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 33

Muscle coordination and balance

Question 34

What does the medulla oblongata control?

Answer 34

Unconscious activities like breathing and heart rate

Question 35

Why can treating problems in the CNS be tricky?

Answer 35

Hard to repair damage, not easy to access, treatment can lead to permanent damage

Question 36

What do PET scanners use to produce images of the body?

Answer 36

Radioactive chemicals

Question 37

What do CT scanners use to produce images of the body?

Answer 37

X-rays

Question 38

What is the order in which a stimulus leads to a response.

Answer 38

Stimulus, Receptor, Sensory Neurone, CNS, Motor Neurone, Effector, Response.

Question 39

Does a Sensory neurone have a long or short Dendron.

Answer 39

Long

Question 40

What does the myelin Sheath do?

Answer 40

Acts as an electrical insulator, speeding up the electrical impulses.

Question 41

What is a Synapse?

Answer 41

The connection between 2 neurones.

Question 42

What helps the electrical impulses over the gap?

Answer 42

Neurotransmitter

Question 43

What do synapses help to prevent?

Answer 43

Signals going the wrong way.

Question 44

How are reflexes faster?

Answer 44

They Bypass the brain and only use the Spinal Chord.

Question 45

Name an example of a reflex in the eye.

Answer 45

Iris changes due to high or low light levels.

Question 46

What does the cornea do?

Answer 46

Refracts light into the eye

Question 47

What are rods sensitive to?

Answer 47

Dim light

Question 48

What are cones sensitive to?

Answer 48

Colours

Question 49

To look at distant objects, does the ciliary muscle contract or relax?

Answer 49

Relaxes

Question 50

Can long-sighted people focus on near or far objects?

Answer 50

Far

Question 51

What do you use to correct a long-sighted person?

Answer 51

Convex Lens

Question 52

What do you use to correct a short-sighted person?

Answer 52

Concave lens

Question 53

Why are some people red-green colour blind?

Answer 53

The red and green cones in the retina aren't working properly.

Question 54

What is a cataract?

Answer 54

A cloudy patch on the lens

Question 55

How can a cataract be treated?

Answer 55

Replacing the lens with an artificial one.