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Biology > Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis > Flashcards

Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment

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2
Q

What are the 3 examples of homeostasis?

A

Osmoregulation, thermoregulation and blood glucose regulation

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3
Q

What is osmoregulation?

A

Regulating water content

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4
Q

What is thermoregulation

A

Regulating body temperature

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5
Q

What do insulin and glucagon control?

A

Blood glucose concentration

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6
Q

Steps when the blood glucose levels are too high

A

1) Blood enters
2) Insulin secreted by pancreas
3) Insulin picked up by liver makes the liver take in glucose as glycogen
you live

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7
Q

Steps when the blood glucose levels are too low

A

1) Blood enters
2) Glucagon secreted by pancreas
3) Glucagon picked up by liver makes the liver release glucose as glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose

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8
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Lack of insulin

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9
Q

What can type 1 diabetes do to you if untreated?

A

Blood glucose levels rise which could kill them

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10
Q

How can Type 1 diabetes be treated?

A

Injecting insulin- done at meal times, injected below skin
Limiting intake of carbohydrate rich foods
Taking regular excersise

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11
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Liver is resistant to insulin

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12
Q

Is there a correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes?

A

Yes. the more obese you are the higher the chance of type 2 diabetes

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13
Q

How to treat type 2 diabetes?

A

Healthy diet
Regular exercise
Losing weight
Medication

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14
Q

What is the BMI formula

A

Weight (Kg)/Height (m) squared

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15
Q

What is the waist-to-hip ratio?

A

Waist Circumference (cm)/Hip circumference (cm)

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16
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Chemical Messengers sent in the blood

17
Q

What Hormones do the thyroid gland produce and what does that hormone do?

A

Thyroxine, controls rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature.

18
Q

What are the differences between a neuron and a hormonal response?

A

A neurone reaction is very fast, it acts for a short time and acts on a precise area whereas a Hormonal response is slower, acts for a long time and acts in a more general way.

19
Q

What does adrenaline do?

A

-Prepares you for fight or flight

20
Q

What is a negative feedback system?

A

Negative feedback ensures that, in any control system, changes are reversed and returned back to the set level.

21
Q

How many stages are there in the menstrual cycle?

A

4

22
Q

What happens in each of these stages?

A

Day 1- When menstruation starts.
Day 4-14- The lining of the uterus is repaired.
Day 14- An egg is released
Day 14-28- Lining is maintained. If no sperm has fertilised the egg, the lining breaks down.

23
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates oestrogen production

24
Q

What does Oestrogen do?

A

Causes the uterus to thicken and grow

25
Q

What does LH do?

A

Stimulates ovulation.

26
Q

What does Progesterone?

A

Maintains the lining of the uterus.

27
Q

Describe Clomiphene therapy.

A

Users take clomiphene drug which stimulates egg ovulation and maturation.

28
Q

What does a hormone tablet with oestrogen do to prevent pregnancy?

A

Prevents the release of the egg. If it is taken everyday to keep levels permanently high, it inhibits the production of FSH.

29
Q

Which is the only contraceptive to guarantee protection from STIs?

A

Condoms

30
Q

What is the definition of Homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment.

31
Q

Give 3 examples of Homeostasis.

A

Osmoregulation (water)
Thermoregulation (temperature)
Blood Glucose

32
Q

Describe what happens when blood glucose levels are too high.

A
  1. Insulin is secreted into the blood by the pancreas.
  2. Insulin stimulates the liver to remove glucose from the blood and makes it turn glucose into glycogen.
  3. Blood glucose levels are reduced
33
Q

Describe what happens when blood glucose levels are too low.

A
  1. Glucagon is secreted in to the blood by the pancreas.
  2. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood by turning glycogen into glucose.
  3. Blood glucose levels are reduced.
34
Q

What caused by a lack of insulin.

A

Type 1 Diabetes

35
Q

When does someone have type 2 diabetes?

A

When they are resistant to insulin.

36
Q

Apart from insulin how can people with Type 1 diabetes cope with their diabetes.

A

Limiting the intake of simple carbohydrates and doing regular exercise.

37
Q

Calculate the BMI of a 63.5Kg person who is 1.73m tall

A

21.21687995kgm-2

38
Q

What controls body temperature?

A

The Hypothamlamus

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