Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 2

What are the 3 examples of homeostasis?

Answer 2

Osmoregulation, thermoregulation and blood glucose regulation

Question 3

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 3

Regulating water content

Question 4

What is thermoregulation

Answer 4

Regulating body temperature

Question 5

What do insulin and glucagon control?

Answer 5

Blood glucose concentration

Question 6

Steps when the blood glucose levels are too high

Answer 6

1) Blood enters
2) Insulin secreted by pancreas
3) Insulin picked up by liver makes the liver take in glucose as glycogen
you live

Question 7

Steps when the blood glucose levels are too low

Answer 7

1) Blood enters
2) Glucagon secreted by pancreas
3) Glucagon picked up by liver makes the liver release glucose as glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose

Question 8

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 8

Lack of insulin

Question 9

What can type 1 diabetes do to you if untreated?

Answer 9

Blood glucose levels rise which could kill them

Question 10

How can Type 1 diabetes be treated?

Answer 10

Injecting insulin- done at meal times, injected below skin
Limiting intake of carbohydrate rich foods
Taking regular excersise

Question 11

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 11

Liver is resistant to insulin

Question 12

Is there a correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 12

Yes. the more obese you are the higher the chance of type 2 diabetes

Question 13

How to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer 13

Healthy diet
Regular exercise
Losing weight
Medication

Question 14

What is the BMI formula

Answer 14

Weight (Kg)/Height (m) squared

Question 15

What is the waist-to-hip ratio?

Answer 15

Waist Circumference (cm)/Hip circumference (cm)

Question 16

What are Hormones?

Answer 16

Chemical Messengers sent in the blood

Question 17

What Hormones do the thyroid gland produce and what does that hormone do?

Answer 17

Thyroxine, controls rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature.

Question 18

What are the differences between a neuron and a hormonal response?

Answer 18

A neurone reaction is very fast, it acts for a short time and acts on a precise area whereas a Hormonal response is slower, acts for a long time and acts in a more general way.

Question 19

What does adrenaline do?

Answer 19

-Prepares you for fight or flight

Question 20

What is a negative feedback system?

Answer 20

Negative feedback ensures that, in any control system, changes are reversed and returned back to the set level.

Question 21

How many stages are there in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

What happens in each of these stages?

Answer 22

Day 1- When menstruation starts.
Day 4-14- The lining of the uterus is repaired.
Day 14- An egg is released
Day 14-28- Lining is maintained. If no sperm has fertilised the egg, the lining breaks down.

Question 23

What does FSH do?

Answer 23

Stimulates oestrogen production

Question 24

What does Oestrogen do?

Answer 24

Causes the uterus to thicken and grow

Question 25

What does LH do?

Answer 25

Stimulates ovulation.

Question 26

What does Progesterone?

Answer 26

Maintains the lining of the uterus.

Question 27

Describe Clomiphene therapy.

Answer 27

Users take clomiphene drug which stimulates egg ovulation and maturation.

Question 28

What does a hormone tablet with oestrogen do to prevent pregnancy?

Answer 28

Prevents the release of the egg. If it is taken everyday to keep levels permanently high, it inhibits the production of FSH.

Question 29

Which is the only contraceptive to guarantee protection from STIs?

Answer 29

Condoms

Question 30

What is the definition of Homeostasis?

Answer 30

Maintaining a constant internal environment.

Question 31

Give 3 examples of Homeostasis.

Answer 31

Osmoregulation (water) Thermoregulation (temperature) Blood Glucose

Question 32

Describe what happens when blood glucose levels are too high.

Answer 32

1. Insulin is secreted into the blood by the pancreas. 2. Insulin stimulates the liver to remove glucose from the blood and makes it turn glucose into glycogen. 3. Blood glucose levels are reduced

Question 33

Describe what happens when blood glucose levels are too low.

Answer 33

1. Glucagon is secreted in to the blood by the pancreas. 2. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood by turning glycogen into glucose. 3. Blood glucose levels are reduced.

Question 34

What caused by a lack of insulin.

Answer 34

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 35

When does someone have type 2 diabetes?

Answer 35

When they are resistant to insulin.

Question 36

Apart from insulin how can people with Type 1 diabetes cope with their diabetes.

Answer 36

Limiting the intake of simple carbohydrates and doing regular exercise.

Question 37

Calculate the BMI of a 63.5Kg person who is 1.73m tall

Answer 37

21.21687995kgm-2

Question 38

What controls body temperature?

Answer 38

The Hypothamlamus