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ethics > natural moral law > Flashcards

natural moral law Flashcards

1
Q

What did Aquinas believe about God?

A
  • God is immutable (changeless)
  • God is good + creation reflects his goodness
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2
Q

What did Aquinas believe about final goal + humanity?

A

Everything has a final goal + the final goal of humanity is eudaemonia

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3
Q

What is the name for God given reason?

A

Recta ratio

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4
Q

What are the 4-fold divisions of law?

A

Eternal law, Divine law, Natural moral law + Human law

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5
Q

What’s eternal law?

A

God’s law - we will never be able to fully understand it

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6
Q

What is the synderesis rule?

A

Human inclination to do good + avoid evil

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7
Q

What’s divine law?

A

Scriptural revelation; Bible + Jesus

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8
Q

What is natural moral law?

A

Discovered through human reason + not revelation

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9
Q

What is human law?

A

Created to uphold natural law

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10
Q

What is the main element or natural moral law?

A

Reasoning

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11
Q

Who was Aquinas influenced by?

A

Aristotle

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12
Q

What are the 5 primary precepts?

A

Ordered society, reproduce, worship God, care for innocent, preserve life

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13
Q

What do the primary precepts come from?

A

We deduce from the natural world using our reasoning

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14
Q

What is Aquinas’ basic principle?

A

Seek/pursue what is good + avoid evil

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15
Q

What does NML encourage?

A

Encourages ppl to deduce moral codes from the natural world

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16
Q

What is the name of the human inclination to do good + avoid evil?

A

Synderesis rule

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17
Q

What is recta ratio?

A

God given reason

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18
Q

What are secondary precepts?

A

Shows humans how to apply primary precepts to spec. situations in more their lives

19
Q

What’s the issue w secondary precepts?

A

Aquinas doesn’t give a hierarchy of the P.P so in an issue where S.P conflict, what do we do?

20
Q

What’s an example of a secondary precept for preservation of innocent life?

A

Do not kill (SP)

21
Q

What’s an example of a secondary precept for worship God?

A

Set one day a week aside for worship (SP)

22
Q

What’s a real good?

A

The use of right reason leading to an action that leads us to perfection or eudaimonia

23
Q

What’s an apparent good?

A

Misguided reason leading to an action that appears to be good but isn’t (e.g. of accidental adultery)
Can be forgiven w confession

24
Q

What’s the principle of double effect (PODE)?

A

It’s ethically permitted to perform an action w a good intention which leads to a bad effect

25
Q

What’s an example in terms of pregnancy for the principle of the double effect?

A

Ectopic pregnancy
“we can save your life but will have to terminate the baby”
NOT “we terminate the baby to save your life”

26
Q

What does the principle of the double effect say you can’t do?

A

You can never do a ‘bad’ action to bring about a good consequence

27
Q

What is an example of the principle of double effect in terms of terrorism?

A

You can bomb an enemy factory; foreseeing but not intending the death of innocent nearby civilians
BUT just bombing the civilians intentionally is not allowed

28
Q

What are the 4 conditions for the principle of the double effect?

A

Nature of the act condition
Means end condition
Good intention condition
Proportionality condition

29
Q

What’s an example of the principle of double effect in terms of a huge accident?

A

If paramedics arrive to the scene of a big accident + the victim is severely injured, unlikely to make it; the para. may administrate a large amount of morphine to ‘ease the pain’ but unintentionally euthanise them

30
Q

What is the nature of the act condition (PODE)?

A

Morality of the action must be good or at least neutral

31
Q

What’s the means end condition (PODE)?

A

Bad consequence must not be intended

32
Q

What is the good intention condition (PODE)?

A

The bad consequence may be foreseen but not intended; intention must be to achieve good effect

33
Q

What is the proportionality condition (PODE)?

A

Good effect must at least be proportionate in sig. to bad effect

34
Q

What is proportionalism?

A

In NML there are absolute rules that must be followed
UNLESS theres a proportionate reason to justify not following rules in a certain context

35
Q

When is proportionalism applied?

A

In a highly unusual/exceptional circumstance using Recta Ratio + synderesis rule as guidance

36
Q

What needs to be taken into account w proportionalism?

A
  • Intention of moral agent
  • Value of good effect weight against disvalue of bad
37
Q

What is Aquinas’ example for proportionalism?

A

A starving man stealing food to survive

38
Q

What are 2 strengths of proportionalism?

A
  • Its use in Just War theory shows that it works + is robust
  • In situations where applied, it makes sense
39
Q

What are 2 weaknesses of proportionalism?

A
  • Magisterium denounced it bc of its claim that there’s no intrinsic evil (what about rape, slavery etc)
  • Calculation of value + disvalue seems consequentialist
40
Q

What are 4 strengths of NML?

A
  • Morality is about what’s intrinsically good or evil
  • NML system acknowledged ppl can make mistakes
  • Eudaimonia may fit well w non religious ppl
  • Absolute rules
41
Q

What are 3 other strengths of NML?

A
  • In line w Aristotle’s V.E. ~ focus of development of moral character
  • Adaptable - If ppl think it’s too rigid we can app. proportionalism + double effect
42
Q

What’s a weakness of NML in terms of atheism?

A

Some forms can app. to atheists but Aquinas assumed it was natural for all humans to worship God

43
Q

What’s a weakness of NML in terms of alienation?

A

Aquinas assumes we can reason - what about ppl w learning difficulties?
He alienates millions of ppl

44
Q

What’s a weakness of NML in terms of immorality?

A

Can lead to immoral outcomes - CC provides help for HIV/AIDS patients but NML prohibits contraception which increases spread

ethics (12 decks)

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