Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ethics > bentham + kant > Flashcards

bentham + kant Flashcards

1
Q

What does Kant use?

A

Uses reason to determine what’s right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Kant want to do?

A

Make religion something that was based on reason + not faith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does Bentham insist?

A

Ppl are motivated to seek pleasure + avoid pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What leads to the principle of utility (Bentham)?

A

Pursue pleasure + avoid pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the principle of utility?

A

Principle that actions are to be judged by their usefulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is reason according to Kant?

A

Reason = universal in everyone who has it but not everyone has same faith
Kant believed that if ethics is based in reason, a more harmonious society would follow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did Kant think humanity was ready for?

A

Greater autonomy to figure out + follow moral laws themselves through reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does categorical mean?

A

Absolute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Kant believe morality was?

A

Categorical, not hypothetical
Not dependant on personal feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Kantian ethics? What does this mean?

A

Deontological - ‘duty based’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Kant believe about moral duty?

A

It’s not God imposed, its secular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does Kant say we should do good?

A

We should do good bc thats part of what it means to be a rational human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Kant say distinguishes humans from animals?

A

Our capacity for rational thought
Appeal to reason makes it an universal ethic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Kant say about good will?

A

Its the only thing that unconditionally, universally + intrinsically good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can’t measure goodness according to Kant?

A

Consequences bc they’re uncertain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does Kant say good will is about?

A

Having the right motive + duty provides it
Duty for duty’s sake means obeying a moral principle out of duty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the hypothetical imperative?

A

Related to self interest + consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the particular moral principle Kant says should be done out of duty?

A

Categorical imperative

19
Q

What are the 3 formulations to Kant’s Categorical Imperative?

A
  • Universalisability
  • Never treat ppl as a mean to an end but an end in themselves
  • Act as if you’re making laws for a kingdom that treated ppl as ends in themselves
20
Q

What is summum bonum (Kant)?

A

Highest good where virtue meets its reward for happiness

21
Q

What should humans strive?

A

Be worthy of happiness

22
Q

What does Kant say about immortality?

A

Since the reward for perf. happiness for virtue can’t be achieved in this world, there must be immortality

23
Q

What does Kant say about God?

A

Only God can provide immortality so he exists to guarantee summum bonum

24
Q

What does Kant say about free will?

A

We can’t prove free will but it’s a necessary assumption bc free will’s at the heart of morality

25
Q

What are 3 strengths of Kant’s categorical imperative?

A
  • Simple + effective
  • All actions should be good
  • Cuts emotion from reason
26
Q

What are the challenges to the 3 strengths of Kant’s categorical imperative?

A
  • Kants idea of moral rules isn’t true for todays world
  • Surely if consequences are good then the act in achieving it is good (killing someone to save many)
  • Unrealistic bc emotions are an integral part of what it is to be human
27
Q

What does Bentham say ppl are motivated by?

A

Desire to achieve happiness
Seek pleasure; avoid pain

28
Q

What’s the principle of utility acc to Bentham?

A

Actions are right if they promote pleasure AND
Wrong if they produce pain

29
Q

What does Bentham believe about happiness?

A

Everyone has a right to happiness, regardless of status or life situation

30
Q

What mattered to Bentham?

A

Sentience; not intellectual capacity, race or even being human

31
Q

What is the sole good + what is everything else acc to Bentham?

A

Happiness is sole intrinsic good
Everything else is at best instrumentally good

32
Q

What does instrumentally good mean?

A

Quality that might/might not have value

33
Q

What did Bentham say needed to be considered in moral decisions?

A

Each situation needs to be considered

34
Q

What was Bentham’s approach to happiness?

A

In terms of quality

35
Q

What did Bentham devise? Why?

A

Hedonic calculus; to estimate overall rightness/wrongness of an action

36
Q

What are the 7 criteria to the hedonic calculus?

A

Intensity, duration, propinquity, fecundity, purity, extent, certainty

37
Q

What are 4 challenges to Bentham’s util?

A
  • Too much emphasis on consequences we can’t be certain of
  • Motive + rules are seen as being of no importance
  • Potential interests of minorities to be ignored
  • Commits the naturalistic fallacy
38
Q

What’s the example given in Kantian ethics to show acting on emotion rather duty?

A

Someone is begging on the street; a friend cries, fumbles in his pocket + gives the beggar money
NO MORAL WORTH bc friend is acting on emotion not duty

39
Q

What is Kant not saying?

A

Not saying that to act morally we have to get rid of sympathy, empathy, desires, love etc

40
Q

What is Bentham’s view thats in line w Christian thinking: regarding motivation? What is Jesus’ view that links to this?

A

His attempt at social reform is motivated by compassion + stresses equality for all
Jesus said ppl would be judged based on resp. to those in need

41
Q

What is Bentham’s view thats in line w Christian thinking: regarding his concern? What is Jesus’ view that links to this?

A

B was concerned w what led to greatest good for greatest number
Rules had to be set aside
J sometimes acted situationally (healed on Sabbath; day of rest)

42
Q

What is Bentham’s view thats in line w Christian thinking: regarding self interest? What is Jesus’ view that links to this?

A

Self interest is inevitable as a part of human nature
‘Love your neighbour as you love yourself’ - J rec. self love

43
Q

What is a view from Bentham that shows lack of accordance w Christian thinking?

A

B says self interest is inevitable
Christianity teaches selflessness

ethics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions