Natural Hazzards And Disaster Flashcards
Types of Avalanche?
- Loose Snow
- Slab Avalanche
- Powder snow
- Wet snow Avalanche
Causes of Avalanche?
- Snowstorm
- Heavy Snowfall
- Natural Cause
- Human Activity
- Warm Temperature
Effects Of avalanche?
- Damage life and property
- flashFloods
- Economic Impact
Example of Avalanche in pak?
- Pak army was strucked by an avalanche in April 2012
- More than 130 died
- avalanche left snow upto 25mt
Avalanche?
- Mass of snow often mixed with Ice and Debris
* Travel down mountain destroying all
Drought?
- Due to lack of rain
- causes hydrologic imbalance.
- lead to water shortage, depletion of ground water, soil moisture.
- occur when transpiration and evaporation exceed percitipation.
- seeding clouds to induce rainfall but had limited success.
Drought in Pak?
*Drought periods of 1992-2002 led to 120 casualties, effected 2.2mn.
Kinds of drought?
- Permanent Drought
- Seasonal drought
- unpredictable drought
- invisible drought
Causes of Drought?
- Lack of rain fall
- surface water flow
- Human Factors
- Global Warming
Economic Impact?
- farmers spend more money.
- harm to farms and properties
- Beaches and lake side business activities effected.
Envoiremental Impact?
- low the quality of soil, more wind erosion and organism parish.
- water animal dies due to dry
- vulnerability due to wildlife migration
Social Impact?
(most Felt)
- clean water scarcity
- Low food production
- peoples migration
- stress
- people feel unsafe
Drought Mitigation?
- Education
- Stop pollution
- water storage
Floods?
- high water stage
* flow of water from its natural or artificial banks.
Causes of flood occurrences?
(Excessive runoff following heavy rains)
- SnowMelt
- Hurricanes and Slow tropical storm
- Dam and levee failure
- Lahar(sudden surge of glacial water and debris)
Types of floods?
- Rapid On-Set Floods
* Slow On-Set Floods
Effects of flooding?
- Economy
- Envoirement
- people and animal
Flood Control?
- Monitoring
- Forecasting
- Action and mitigation
Method of flood prevention?
- Sea or coastal defence wall
- Retaining walls
- Town Planning
- Vegetation
- Education
- Detention Basins
History Of Floods in Pak?
*(2010) 2000 killed, 20mn effected Caused by record breaking rain in kpk punjab *(2011) 361 died, 5.3mn effected 1.2 mn homes 1.7 arable land effected *(2012) More than 100 died, thousands effected result of intense monsoon rain *(2013) 80+ died, 94 injuries *(2014) Rain in kashmir result in floods in river chennab and jhelum. *(2015) 109 killed, 46 injured (NDMA)
Wildfire?
- uncontrolled fire that wipe out
- burns for days and weeks
- tend to thrive in warm and dry climates
- destroy forest and organic matter in it
Types of wildfire?
(5- G.S.C.S.C)
- Ground fire(Burn soil’s Organic material)
- Surface Fire(burn from leaves, twigs and branches)
- Crown Fire(burn tree top to tree top)
- Spotting Fire(fire-band from crown fire)
- Conflagration(enhanced with wind)
Initiation of wildfire?
(6- C.S.L.B.A.F)
- Camp Fire
- Smoking
- Lightning
- Burning Debris
- Accidents or equipment failure
- Fireworks
Effects of Wildfire?
*Economic Cost(money on firefighting chemicals, logistics, aircraft, trucks, and etc
*Soil and organic material (fire raise the temp of the soil to 900•c And wipe out all organic matter)
*WaterShed:
Wildfire makes the soil surface water repellent.
Fighting wildfire?
(5- Fb.Fo.Ac.T.Ff)
- FireBreakers (clear a ring around the fire by bulldozer or land equipment to get rid of fuel)
- FiringOut (natural edge or boundaries)
- Aircraft (water and fire reluctance chemical (Foam) thorugh air-tankers)
- Technology (forecasting with the help of satellites, computers and etc)
- Firefighters (Key to fighting fires)
Urban Fire?
*Fire that involves structural components from residential, commercial or industrial building.
Urban Fire causes and prevention?
(8- Ce.He.S.C.C.Iw.Fl.B)
- Cooking equip (overheat pan or pot takes seconds)
- HEATING EQUIPMENT
- CARELESS SMOKING
- CANDLES
- CHILDREN PLAYING WITH FIRE
- INADEQUATE WIRING
- FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
- BARBECUES
