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General science And Ability > Cell And Its Organells > Flashcards

Cell And Its Organells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Classification of cell.

A

Unicellular
*single Cell (Bacteria)

Multicellular
* plants and animal.

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2
Q

Size of Cell.

A

1) Smallest cell is Bacterium also known as Mycoplasma measure 0.0001 mm dia.
2) Largest cells are the nerve cells that runs down the giraffe’s neck exceeds to 3m in length.

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3
Q

The cell was discovered by?

A

Robert Hooke (1665)

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4
Q

How many number of cells in a man?

A

100 trillion

10^14

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5
Q

Bacteria was discovered by?

A

A.V Leewanhoek, 1674

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6
Q

Who gave “Cell Theory”?

A

Theodar Schwaan
Matthias Shleiden
1839

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7
Q

Who discovered Nucleus Cell?

A

Robert Brown, 1831

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8
Q

What are the categories of cells?

A

1) Prokaryotes

2) Eukaryotes

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9
Q

Prokaryotes?

A
  • Nuclear lacked membrane, Surrounded nucleus cell

* First evolving types, e.g BACTERIA

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10
Q

Eukaryotes?

A
  • ) Membrane-Bound Nucleus, Membranous organelles.

* ) in Animals, Plants, Fungi, protozoa.

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11
Q

What a cell structure consist?

A
  • Plasma Membrane
  • Protoplasm
  • Cytoplasm
  • Genetic Material
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12
Q

Plasma Membrane?

A
  • thin layer surrounding the living cells
  • Separates cell from surroundings, Protecting from chemical physical envoirement
  • and regulates diff molecules in and out of a cell, Not everything allowed.
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13
Q

Protoplasm?

A
  • Everything which is inside of cell membrane,
  • manufacture substances like Nucleus, Mitochondria, cytoplasm etc
  • Known as physical Basis Of life.
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14
Q

Cytoplasm?

A
  • Cell substance excluding nucleus.
  • Protoplasm - Nucleus = Cytoplasm
  • contain Cytosol, Organelle, Vesicles, cytoskeleton.
  • Cytoplasm - organelles = Cytosol
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15
Q

Genetic Material?

A
  • DNA

* RNA

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16
Q

Cell Organelles?

A

01) Endoplasmic Reticulum
02) Golgi Bodies
03) Ribosomes
04) Lysosomes
05) Peroxisomes
06) Centrosome & Centriole
07) Mitochondria
08) Nucleus
09) Vacuoles
10) Cell Wall
11) Plasticids

17
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

A
  • A complex network in which tubes attached to Nucleus.
18
Q

Types of ER?

A

1) Smooth ER:
* tube Attached to the smooth surface and
* releases oils, Lipids,Cholesterol and steroids.

2) Rough ER:
* tube attached to ribosome,
* Involved in protein synthesis.

19
Q

Golgi Apparatus/ Golgi Bodies?

A
  • Longed, Tiny, Flattened sac stacked parallel with each other along with Vacuoles and Vesicles.
  • protein is packed inside the cell before sending to its destination
  • Cell products packed and stored in Golgi Complex.
20
Q

Ribosomes?

A
  • Spherical granular particles freely occurred in cytoplasm.
  • composed of RNA and Proteins.
  • Func: Provide surface for Protein Synthesis known as translation.
21
Q

Lysosomes?

A
  • Tiny, Spherical, sac-like structure, disburse all over in cytoplasm.
  • Digestion is main function.
  • Contain destructive enzymes capable to digest organic Material, organelle cells and damaged cells.
  • known as “Digestive & Suicide Bags”.
22
Q

Peroxisomes?

A
  • same as LYSOSOMES
  • Contain powerful oxidative enzymes.
  • func: Eradication of toxic substances.
  • known for digesting Fatty Acids.
  • vital role in cholesterol synthesis and amino acid digestion.
  • Founds in Kidney cell and liver.
23
Q

Mitochondria?

A
  • Spherical organelles distributed in cytoplasm.
  • bound by a double membrane.
  • site for cellular respiraton.
  • releases stored energy (ATP) for special purposes.
  • termed as “Power House” of the cell.
24
Q

ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

25
Q

NUCLEUS:

A
  • oval structured in the centre of the cell.
  • Regulates Cells’s metabolic and hereditial activities.
  • known as Cell’s Brain.
26
Q

Nucleus composed of?

A
  • Nuclear Membrane
    1) double layered, separated it from cytoplasm.
    2) Minutes pores allow selective transfer of material.
  • Nucleoplasm:
    1) Clear, Granular substance with nuclear membrane.
    2) Chromatin network suspended in it.
  • Nucleolus:
    1) dense & spherical granule in nucleus contain RNA.
27
Q

Vacuoles?

A
  • storage bubbles in cells.
  • both animal and plant cell (Large)
  • func: store food or nutrient for cell survival.
  • for cell protection from contamination, it store waste product(Sent Out).
28
Q

CELL WALL?

A
  • only in plants
  • protect cellular content
  • limits cell size
  • Acting filtering mechanism
  • also in bacteria, Fungi, Algae
  • not in Animals and Protozoa.
29
Q

PLASTIDS:

A
  • In Plant’s and algae cell.
  • site of manufacture and imp chemical compound.
  • contain pigments used in photosynthesis
  • pigments determine its colour:
    1) Chloroplast( Green-Presence of chlorophyll)
    2) Chromoplasts ( Yellow, Orange, Red)
    3) Leucoplast- colourless (Stem-Root-seeds)
30
Q

What is cell?

A

Unit of structure and function of all living things.

General science And Ability (20 decks)

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