Natural Hazards - vulnerability and perceptions Flashcards
What makes a hazard?
geophysical event is only a hazard when it meets a vulnerable population.
What model is used to determine a disaster?
Degg’s model
Give the 5 hazard types
Geophysical - earthquake
Geomorphic - landslides
Atmospheric - Tropical Revolving Storms / wildfires!
Hydrological - Floods
Cryospheric - hail
Give an example of a hazard that could fit into multiple hazard categories (geological, atmospheric and hydrological)
Tropical storms (Atmospheric) - can create rainfall - landslides (geomorphic) - rainfall can also make floods (hydrological).
Magnitude definition
Frequency definition
Note - larger magnitude events occur much less frequently than low magnitude earthquakes. Low magnitude earthquakes need less energy.
Why are some more vulnerable than others?
Macro scale:
poverty
failing political, social and economic systems.
rate of population change and urbanisation
debts
overexploitation of natural resources/deforestation.
lack of disaster preparedness
Local scale:
education
poverty - poor infrastructure, no choice of where to live, lack of ability to protect home and self.
what factors are hazards underpinned by?
poverty
failing political, social and economic systems.
what factors cause people to have certain hazard perceptions of risk?
socio economic status
education
occupation/employment,
religion + culture
Familty + marital status
Past experiences
values, personalities, expectations.
What are the 3 hazard perceptions?
Fatalism, adaption and fear.
What factors effect vulnerability?
Age, financial position, marital status,
What factors affect the vulnerability of a country
(human)
Governance (local, national, international) - stable?
level of development (infrastructure, tech)
Population density, age, education, skill
Urban/rural
time of day
What factors affect the vulnerability of a country (physical)
topography
ITCZ?
magnitude of hazard?
type of hazard?
