Haiti - a multi-hazardous environment! Flashcards

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1
Q

Haiti has had a turbulent past. It was originally under the rule of France.

When the Haitians demanded independence, what did the French do?

A

The French demand 150 million francs for compensation.

Effect -
Financially crippling.

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2
Q

Why did the USA invade Haiti?

A

Concerned that Haiti might become communist.

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3
Q

Who was Papa Doc?

A

Full name = François Duvalier
president of Haiti from 1957 to 1971.
He was a tyrant and a despot.

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4
Q

What were the effects of Papa Doc’s rule?

A

His regime caused nearly 30,000 deaths. His reign of terror meant that other factors were more important than increasing protection from Hazards.

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5
Q

What were the long term effects of the French fine?

A

Haiti has to rely on international aid and the world bank.

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6
Q

What is tied aid (bilateral aid)?

A

Tied aid = the country receiving the aid must spend the money on goods and services from the country providing it.

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7
Q

What is multilateral aid?

A

high-income countries donate money through organisations such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank.

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8
Q

What is the issue with the tied aid that America gives Haiti?

A

It tightens America’s hold over Haiti.

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9
Q

Give the names of the zones that Haiti is in.

A
  • The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
  • The Caribbean Basin.
    This is on a common storm track.
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10
Q

How does Haiti’s topography increase the impacts of hazard events?

A

Undulating topography
- Promotes rapid run off
- Prone more landslides.
- Low lying parts = built up and have high populations because it is easier to build on flat ground.
- Low lying parts = prone to floods.

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11
Q

What type of plate boundary is Haiti on?

A

Conservative (Destructive) so prone to earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides.

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12
Q

How much of Haiti has been deforested?

A

98%

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13
Q

How does mass deforestation increase hazard risk?

A

Exposed and degraded topsoil
Loose soil - more landslides
Remove trees = increase drought!

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14
Q

What is the life expectancy in Haiti?

A

62 years.

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15
Q

What percentage of the population is under 14 years old?

A

42%

This means that the population is very vulnerable.

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16
Q

What percentage of the population are at risk from two or more hazards?

A

96%

17
Q

Is Haiti above or below the poverty belt?

A

Above - JUST.
live on $1.90 a day.

18
Q

What human factor increases hazard victims?

A

Haiti is overpopulated.
More people impacted by Hazards.
Hurricane Matthew = 140,000 homeless!

19
Q

What event had recently occurred that increased the impact of Hurricane Matthew?

A

There had been an Earthquake and Tsunami in 2010. Haiti was still recovering.

20
Q

When was Hurricane Matthew?

A

2016.

21
Q

Give 3 geograpical facts about the earthquake of 2010.
What was…
Its magnitude?
Its epicentre?
Its focus?

A

Magnitude - 7.0 on the Richter scale.
Epicentre - 25 km South West of Capital - Port au Prince.
Focus - 13 km shallow.

22
Q

What was a secondary hazard of the 2010 earthquake.

A

An underwater landslide caused by the earthquake.

Caused a 3 metre high TSUNAMI.

23
Q

How many died as a result of the 2010 earthquake and Tsunami?

A

316,000 people.

24
Q

Give 3 facts relating to the 2010 earthquake

A
  • Earthquake occurred in the most densely populated area!
  • 3.5 million people affected.
  • 60% of government admin buildings destroyed.
25
Q

What long term effects were there?

A
  • Still recovering from unrest in 2018 as 1.5 million still live in rescue camps 7 years after the event.
  • Country set back 125 years in development
26
Q

What is the literacy level on Haiti?

A

61%