Haiti - a multi-hazardous environment! Flashcards
Haiti has had a turbulent past. It was originally under the rule of France.
When the Haitians demanded independence, what did the French do?
The French demand 150 million francs for compensation.
Effect -
Financially crippling.
Why did the USA invade Haiti?
Concerned that Haiti might become communist.
Who was Papa Doc?
Full name = François Duvalier
president of Haiti from 1957 to 1971.
He was a tyrant and a despot.
What were the effects of Papa Doc’s rule?
His regime caused nearly 30,000 deaths. His reign of terror meant that other factors were more important than increasing protection from Hazards.
What were the long term effects of the French fine?
Haiti has to rely on international aid and the world bank.
What is tied aid (bilateral aid)?
Tied aid = the country receiving the aid must spend the money on goods and services from the country providing it.
What is multilateral aid?
high-income countries donate money through organisations such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank.
What is the issue with the tied aid that America gives Haiti?
It tightens America’s hold over Haiti.
Give the names of the zones that Haiti is in.
- The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
- The Caribbean Basin.
This is on a common storm track.
How does Haiti’s topography increase the impacts of hazard events?
Undulating topography
- Promotes rapid run off
- Prone more landslides.
- Low lying parts = built up and have high populations because it is easier to build on flat ground.
- Low lying parts = prone to floods.
What type of plate boundary is Haiti on?
Conservative (Destructive) so prone to earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides.
How much of Haiti has been deforested?
98%
How does mass deforestation increase hazard risk?
Exposed and degraded topsoil
Loose soil - more landslides
Remove trees = increase drought!
What is the life expectancy in Haiti?
62 years.
What percentage of the population is under 14 years old?
42%
This means that the population is very vulnerable.
What percentage of the population are at risk from two or more hazards?
96%
Is Haiti above or below the poverty belt?
Above - JUST.
live on $1.90 a day.
What human factor increases hazard victims?
Haiti is overpopulated.
More people impacted by Hazards.
Hurricane Matthew = 140,000 homeless!
What event had recently occurred that increased the impact of Hurricane Matthew?
There had been an Earthquake and Tsunami in 2010. Haiti was still recovering.
When was Hurricane Matthew?
2016.
Give 3 geograpical facts about the earthquake of 2010.
What was…
Its magnitude?
Its epicentre?
Its focus?
Magnitude - 7.0 on the Richter scale.
Epicentre - 25 km South West of Capital - Port au Prince.
Focus - 13 km shallow.
What was a secondary hazard of the 2010 earthquake.
An underwater landslide caused by the earthquake.
Caused a 3 metre high TSUNAMI.
How many died as a result of the 2010 earthquake and Tsunami?
316,000 people.
Give 3 facts relating to the 2010 earthquake
- Earthquake occurred in the most densely populated area!
- 3.5 million people affected.
- 60% of government admin buildings destroyed.
What long term effects were there?
- Still recovering from unrest in 2018 as 1.5 million still live in rescue camps 7 years after the event.
- Country set back 125 years in development
What is the literacy level on Haiti?
61%
