Natural Dyes Flashcards

1
Q

obtained from plants and animals

A

natural dyes

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2
Q

most common natural dyes available

A

cochineal dyes and its derivatives
hematoxylin
orcein
saffron

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3
Q

natural dye derived by extraction from the core or the heartwood of Hematoxylin Campechianum

A

hematoxylin

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4
Q

hematoxylin has a powerful _____ and ______ staining capacity

A

nuclear
chromatin

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5
Q

used after almost any fixative and is a permanent stain

A

hematoxylin

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6
Q

active coloring agent formed by the oxidation
of hematoxylin -> “ripening”

A

hematin

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7
Q

strong oxidizing agents that accelerates oxidation

A

hydrogen peroxide
mercuric oxide
potassium permanganate
sodium perborate
sodium iodate

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8
Q

Excessive oxidation (over-ripening)

A

production of useless compounds

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9
Q

Using least amount of oxidant

A

satisfactory staining
longer life of the stain

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10
Q

seldom used alone due to its inherent low affinity for the tissue itself

A

ripened hematoxylin

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11
Q

most frequently used in combination with alum, iron, chromium and copper salts

A

ripened hematoxylin

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12
Q

substances that combine with the tissue & staining solution, forming a “bridge” that allows staining reaction to take place

A

mordants

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13
Q

recommended for progressive staining of tissues & counterstained

A

alum hematoxylin stains

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14
Q

Ehrlich’s solution and the Harris’ solution contains

A

alum hematoxylin stains

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15
Q

alum hematoxylin is counterstained wtih

A

eosin
congo red
safranin

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16
Q

used only for differential or regressive staining, using Acid-Alcohol as a differentiating agent

A

iron hematoxylin compunds

17
Q

for the study of spermatogenesis

A

copper hematoxylin solutions

18
Q

H&E staining protocol

A

for histology
thin sections

19
Q

stains nuclei

A

hematoxylin

20
Q

hematoxylin color product

21
Q

stains cytoplasm, connective tissues and other extracellular substances

22
Q

eosin color product

A

pink or red

23
Q

H&E stains RBC, color

24
Q

H&E stains collagen, cytoplasm, muscle color

25
an old histologic dye extracted from the female cochineal bug (Coccus Cacti)
cochineal dye
26
cochineal dye is treated with alum to produce the dye _____
carmine
27
cochineal dye is a powerful _____ and _____ stain for fresh material and smear preparations
chromatin, nuclear
28
extensively used in neuropathological studies
picric acid + carmine (picrocarmine)
29
demonstration of glycogen
carmine + aluminum chloride
30
a vegetable dye extracted from certain lichens
orcein
31
end color of orcein treated with ammonia and exposed to air
blue violet
32
a weak acid, soluble in alkali
orcein
33
orcein is used for staining
elastic fibers
34
also obtained from lichens, treated with lime and soda, and exposed to ammonia and air
litmus
35
litmus is mainly used as an _____
indicator