Natural Dyes

Question 1

obtained from plants and animals

Answer 1

natural dyes

Question 2

most common natural dyes available

Answer 2

cochineal dyes and its derivatives
hematoxylin
orcein
saffron

Question 3

natural dye derived by extraction from the core or the heartwood of Hematoxylin Campechianum

Answer 3

hematoxylin

Question 4

hematoxylin has a powerful _____ and ______ staining capacity

Answer 4

nuclear
chromatin

Question 5

used after almost any fixative and is a permanent stain

Answer 5

hematoxylin

Question 6

active coloring agent formed by the oxidation
of hematoxylin -> “ripening”

Answer 6

hematin

Question 7

strong oxidizing agents that accelerates oxidation

Answer 7

hydrogen peroxide
mercuric oxide
potassium permanganate
sodium perborate
sodium iodate

Question 8

Excessive oxidation (over-ripening)

Answer 8

production of useless compounds

Question 9

Using least amount of oxidant

Answer 9

satisfactory staining
longer life of the stain

Question 10

seldom used alone due to its inherent low affinity for the tissue itself

Answer 10

ripened hematoxylin

Question 11

most frequently used in combination with alum, iron, chromium and copper salts

Answer 11

ripened hematoxylin

Question 12

substances that combine with the tissue & staining solution, forming a “bridge” that allows staining reaction to take place

Answer 12

mordants

Question 13

recommended for progressive staining of tissues & counterstained

Answer 13

alum hematoxylin stains

Question 14

Ehrlich’s solution and the Harris’ solution contains

Answer 14

alum hematoxylin stains

Question 15

alum hematoxylin is counterstained wtih

Answer 15

eosin
congo red
safranin

Question 16

used only for differential or regressive staining, using Acid-Alcohol as a differentiating agent

Answer 16

iron hematoxylin compunds

Question 17

for the study of spermatogenesis

Answer 17

copper hematoxylin solutions

Question 18

H&E staining protocol

Answer 18

for histology
thin sections

Question 19

stains nuclei

Answer 19

hematoxylin

Question 20

hematoxylin color product

Answer 20

blue

Question 21

stains cytoplasm, connective tissues and other extracellular substances

Answer 21

eosin

Question 22

eosin color product

Answer 22

pink or red

Question 23

H&E stains RBC, color

Answer 23

orange

Question 24

H&E stains collagen, cytoplasm, muscle color

Answer 24

pink

Question 25

an old histologic dye extracted from the female cochineal bug (Coccus Cacti)

Answer 25

cochineal dye

Question 26

cochineal dye is treated with alum to produce the dye _____

Answer 26

carmine

Question 27

cochineal dye is a powerful _____ and _____ stain for fresh material and smear preparations

Answer 27

chromatin, nuclear

Question 28

extensively used in neuropathological studies

Answer 28

picric acid + carmine
(picrocarmine)

Question 29

demonstration of glycogen

Answer 29

carmine + aluminum chloride

Question 30

a vegetable dye extracted from certain lichens

Answer 30

orcein

Question 31

end color of orcein treated with ammonia and exposed to air

Answer 31

blue
violet

Question 32

a weak acid, soluble in alkali

Answer 32

orcein

Question 33

orcein is used for staining

Answer 33

elastic fibers

Question 34

also obtained from lichens, treated with lime and soda, and exposed to ammonia and air

Answer 34

litmus

Question 35

litmus is mainly used as an _____

Answer 35

indicator