Natural Dyes Flashcards
obtained from plants and animals
natural dyes
most common natural dyes available
cochineal dyes and its derivatives
hematoxylin
orcein
saffron
natural dye derived by extraction from the core or the heartwood of Hematoxylin Campechianum
hematoxylin
hematoxylin has a powerful _____ and ______ staining capacity
nuclear
chromatin
used after almost any fixative and is a permanent stain
hematoxylin
active coloring agent formed by the oxidation
of hematoxylin -> “ripening”
hematin
strong oxidizing agents that accelerates oxidation
hydrogen peroxide
mercuric oxide
potassium permanganate
sodium perborate
sodium iodate
Excessive oxidation (over-ripening)
production of useless compounds
Using least amount of oxidant
satisfactory staining
longer life of the stain
seldom used alone due to its inherent low affinity for the tissue itself
ripened hematoxylin
most frequently used in combination with alum, iron, chromium and copper salts
ripened hematoxylin
substances that combine with the tissue & staining solution, forming a “bridge” that allows staining reaction to take place
mordants
recommended for progressive staining of tissues & counterstained
alum hematoxylin stains
Ehrlich’s solution and the Harris’ solution contains
alum hematoxylin stains
alum hematoxylin is counterstained wtih
eosin
congo red
safranin
used only for differential or regressive staining, using Acid-Alcohol as a differentiating agent
iron hematoxylin compunds
for the study of spermatogenesis
copper hematoxylin solutions
H&E staining protocol
for histology
thin sections
stains nuclei
hematoxylin
hematoxylin color product
blue
stains cytoplasm, connective tissues and other extracellular substances
eosin
eosin color product
pink or red
H&E stains RBC, color
orange
H&E stains collagen, cytoplasm, muscle color
pink
an old histologic dye extracted from the female cochineal bug (Coccus Cacti)
cochineal dye
cochineal dye is treated with alum to produce the dye _____
carmine
cochineal dye is a powerful _____ and _____ stain for fresh material and smear preparations
chromatin, nuclear
extensively used in neuropathological studies
picric acid + carmine
(picrocarmine)
demonstration of glycogen
carmine + aluminum chloride
a vegetable dye extracted from certain lichens
orcein
end color of orcein treated with ammonia and exposed to air
blue
violet
a weak acid, soluble in alkali
orcein
orcein is used for staining
elastic fibers
also obtained from lichens, treated with lime and soda, and exposed to ammonia and air
litmus
litmus is mainly used as an _____
indicator
