NATOPS Ch4 Limits Flashcards
Whats required if you exceed a limit?
Appropriate entry shall be made on MAF–include what limit(s) were exceeded and include range, duration and any additional info that would aid mx personnel.
What should you do if you exceed a limit that XXX is indicated?
NOTE
If a limited is exceeded to the extent that a red “XXX” is indicated, the crew SHALL LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
What is the Engine limited by?
Ng, Np, TGT, Oil Press, Oil Temp
Whats a start cycle and whats required between start attempts?
A start cycle defined as starter initiation, acceleration of output drive and starter dropout requires a 60 sec delay between start attempts any time a start is aborted except during emergencies
Engine Start Limitations
- Crossbleed starts: receiving eng shall be at or above 24% Ng prior to advancing PCL to IDLE.
- Engine start with main rotor blades or tail rotor pylong folded is prohibited.
- Start TGT limit is 851°C until idle speed attained.
Turbine Gas Temp (TGT)
0°-810° - Continuous
810°-851° - 30 Min
851°-878° - 10 Min (as required; for Max Power and limiter checks only)
878°-903° - 2.5 min
903°-949° - 12 sec
949° - Max
Power Turbine Speed (Np)
Engagement Caution
<96% - Avoid
96-105% - Continuous (yellow above 101%)
105-117% - 20 sec
117-120% - 12 sec
120% - Max
CAUTION
During engagement, extended operations in the 20-40% and 60-75% ranges may cause engine damage
Main Rotor Speed (Nr)
<96% - Avoid
96-101% - Continuous
101-120% - Precautionary
120% - Max
>120% - 123%, Max for FCF only
127% - Overspeed Latch
Dual-Eng Torque (TRQ) below 80 KIAS
0-120% - Continuous
120-144% - 10 sec
144% - Max
NOTE
Dual Engine Torque Limits apply when both engines are above 65% torque
Dual-Eng Torque (TRQ) above 80 KIAS
0-106% - Continuous
106-127% - 10 Sec
127% - Max
NOTE
Dual Engine Torque Limits apply when both engines are above 65% torque
Single-Eng Torque (TRQ)
0-135% - Continuous
135-144% - 10 sec
144% - Max
Gas Generator Speed (Ng) SysConfig 16
0-102.2% - Continuous
>102.2-106% - 2.5 min
106-107% - 12 sec
107% - Max
What is the Transmission limted by?
What if it’s in a precautionary range?
Nr, torque, oil press and oil temp
If oil press and/or temp are in precautionary range, the helo SHALL NOT be scheduled for additional flights until maintenance action is performed
Transmision Temp (XMSN T)
-50°-105°C - Continuous
105°-120°C - Precautionary
120°C - Max
Transmission Press (XMSN P)
20psi - Min
20-30psi - Idle and transient
30-65psi - Continuous
(45-60psi in level flight)
65-130psi - Precautionary
130psi - Max
What are the notes regarding oil temperature limits?
During any operating condition no maintenance is required if transmission oil temp is the precautionary range for 5 min or less
Prolonged hovering in hot weather, 30°C (86°F) , may cause transmission oil temp to raise into the precautionary range. Operation in the precautionary range for less than 30 min during any one flight under this condition is acceptable and no maintenance is required
What are the notes regarding oil Pressure limits?
Following conditions do not constitute an emergency situation, but may be indicative of a degraded lubrication system. Any discrepancy SHALL be documented on a MAF.
- Steady press outside 45-60psi, but within normal limits of 30-65psi
- Fluctuations not to exceed a range of 10psi, within the normal limits 30-65psi
During transient pitch or steady-state nose-high pitch attitudes (autos, downwind hovering, rearward flight, slope-up landings, etc) xmsn oil press fluctuations (including momentary fluctuations below 30psi and transient drops below 20psi for up to one sec) are acceptable. Operating with press fluctuations below 30psi shall be limited to 30 min
Engine Oil Temp (ENG OIL T)
-50°-135°C - Continuous
135°-150°C - 30 min
150°C - Max
Engine Oil Press (ENG OIL P)
22psi - Min
22-26psi - Precautionary
26-100psi - Continuous
100-120psi - Precautionary
120psi - Max
NOTE
Normal idle range is 22-55psi
What are the Starter limits for engine start?
What if you are motoring?
Start Cycles
<16°C
Cycle 1 - 60 sec
Cycle 2 - 60 sec
Cycle 3 - 60 sec
Cycle 4 - 30 min
16°-52°C
Cycle 1 - 60 sec
Cycle 2 - 30 min
Engine Motor (Ignition - OFF)
2 min - 5 min
2 min - 30 min
NOTE
Times for motoring are cumulative within a 5-min period.
Min Fuel
On deck with no less than 600lbs
When is the APU allowed in flight?
APU is not intended for routine in-flight use. Operation of the APU shall be limited to essential operations only.
Acceptable in-flight use include emergency procedures, single-eng training, practice autos, and powering the ECS during extreme temps.
APU Operating Limitations
>43°C with eng and rotors operating - 30 min
<51°C with eng and rotors not operating - Continuous
Rotor Engagement/Disengagement
45 knots from any direction
- Max (Vne)
- Sideward/Rearward Flight
- Auto
- Boost Off
- 2 SAS Inop in IMC
- Either PRI SERVO PRESS caution
- Searchlight in fixed position other than stowed
- Searchlight in transition
- Dome at or above trail
- Dome below trail
- Cabin door opening/closing
- Max: 180 KIAS
- Side/Rear: 35 KIAS
- Auto: 100 KIAS
- Boost Off: 140 KIAS
- 2 SAS Inop IMC: 125 KIAS
- PRI SERVO PRESS: 125 KIAS
- Searchlight Fixed: 160 KIAS
- Searchlight Transition: 100 KIAS
- At or Above: 70 KIAS, 45° AOB
- Below: 70 KIAS, 15° AOB
- Cabin Door Moving: 60 KIAS
NOTE
With FLIR installed, failure to maintain balanced flight below 90 KIAS in descents over 1000fpm will result in inaccurate and erratic airspeed indications.
Rates of descent with a Rescue Hoist Load
Rate of descent limited to 1000fpm
Hovering Limitations
- Prolonged rearward flight and downwind hovering should be avoided to prevent accumulation of exhaust fumes in the helo and heat damage to the window of an open cabin door.
- Hovering turns at a rate in excess of 30° per second.
- Dipping operations at altitudes other than 70ft.
- Do not tow the transducer in the water above 8KGS with array folded and 4KGS with array unfolded
NOTE
Towing is defined as the cable contacting the funnel. Aircraft ground speed may be greater than 8KGS (folded) or 4KGS (unfolded) if cable is not in contact with the funnel.
Angle of Bank Limitations
- Normal ops: 45°
- Operations above 10,000ft DA: 30°
- Either PRI SERVO PRESS caution: 30°
- Boost off flight: 30°
Max Operating Altitude
Max operating DA is 13,000ft
Prohibited Maneuvers
- Aerobatic flight
- Practice full-autos landings
- Intentional approaches into or inducement of retreating blade stall.
Rotor Brake Limitations
Max rotor speed for application - 76%Nr
Routine stops SHALL be made between - 30-50%
SHOULD be limited to 180psi
Blade, Pylon, Stab Fold/Spread wind speed limits
What if you do a full cycle?
Max wind velocity 45 knots
Following a complete blade fold and spread cycle, allow 10-min cooling period
Landing Limitations
- Level terrain
- Sloped terrain
- Touchdown Speed
- Taxi Speed
- Slope
- Downwind
- <19,500lbs - 720fpm; >19,500lbs - 480fpm
- 360fpm
- 75KGS (lock) 20KGS (unlock)
- 40KGS (shimmy damper), 20KGS (without)
- 6° nose-down; 9° nose-up; 12° cross-slope
- SHOULD be avoided
- Gross Weight
- Aviaton Ships
- Air Capable/Amphibious Assault Aviation Ships
- 23,500lbs
- 23,500lbs
- 22,500lbs
Internal Load Limitations
300lbs per square ft
External Load Limitations
- 6000lbs on the cargo hook
- 600lbs on the rescue hoist. Limited by the RH Brake
Egress Lighting
Except in emergencies, ADHEELS and IHEELS SHALL be operational for all overwater flights requiring pax/non-aircrew in cabin
Temperature Limitations
Below -40°C (-40°F) or above 60°C (140°F) are PROHIBITED.
Backup Hydraulic Pump Limitations
33-38°C : 24 min - 72 min
39-60°C : 16 min - 48 min
