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Arborist Exam > National Core Pesticide Manual - Chapter One > Flashcards

National Core Pesticide Manual - Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

when chlorinated hydrocarbons accumulate in the fatty tissues of some animals - esp higher in the food chain

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2
Q

Biomagnification

A

in some organisms, when accumulated chemical residues are found in higher concentrations than they are in the organism they consumed

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3
Q

Four Main Groups of Pests

A

weeds, invertebrate animals, pathogens and vertebrate animals

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4
Q

First Step of Pest Management

A

accurately identify the pest

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5
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

natural control measures within the environment that injure or destroy plants and animals, including pests

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6
Q

Two Types of Pest Management Methods

A

Natural Controls & Applied Controls

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7
Q

Applied Controls (6)

A

biological, chemical, cultural, genetic, mechanical and regulatory

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8
Q

Biological Control

A

use of natural enemies (predators, parasites, pathogens and competitors) to control pests and their damage

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9
Q

Pesticide

A

any material that is applied to plants, soil, water, harvested crops etc, or animals to kill, attract, repel or regulate or interrupt the growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth

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10
Q

Avicides

A

control or repel pest birds

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11
Q

Bactericides

A

control bacteria

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12
Q

Chemosterilants

A

sterilize insects or pest vertebrates

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13
Q

Defoliants

A

cause leaves (foliage) to drop from plants

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14
Q

Desiccants

A

promote drying or loss of moisture from plant tissues and insects

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15
Q

Disinfectants

A

(antimicrobials) control microorganisms

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16
Q

Fungicides

A

control fungi

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17
Q

Growth Regulators

A

alter the growth or development of a plant or animal

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18
Q

Herbicides

A

control weeds

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19
Q

Insecticides

A

control insects and related arthroppods

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20
Q

Mitiicides

A

(acaricides) control mites

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21
Q

Molluscicides

A

control snails and slugs

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22
Q

Nematicides

A

control nematodes (round worms)

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23
Q

Ovicides

A

destroy eggs

24
Q

Pheromones

A

attract insects

25
Q

Piscicides

A

control pest fish

26
Q

Predacides

A

control predatory vertebrates (i.e coyotes)

27
Q

Repellents

A

repel insects, mites, ticks, pest vertebrates, invertebrates, birds, and mammals

28
Q

Rodenticides

A

control rodents

29
Q

Mode of Action

A

how they kill the pest

30
Q

Site of Action

A

the specific biological system affected within the pest

31
Q

Selective Pesticides

A

toxic to some pests but not others

32
Q

Systemic Pesticides

A

absorbed and translocated within a plant or animal

33
Q

Contact Pesticides

A

are not absorbed, must directly touch the pest or a site the pest frequents to be effective

34
Q

Persistence

A

how long they remain active to control pests

35
Q

Residual Pesticides

A

can control pests for weeks, months or even years

36
Q

Cultural Controls

A

practices that reduce pest establishment, reproduction, dispersal and survival

37
Q

Sanitation

A

eliminating the necessities important to a pest’s survival (food, water, shelter)

38
Q

Genetic Control

A

plants / animals bred or selected to resist specific pest problems

39
Q

Regulatory Control

A

when problems cannot be controlled successfully at a local or individual level, pest present a problem to public health - quarantine or eradication is directed by governmental agencies

40
Q

Quarantine

A

control process designed to prevent entry of certain pests into disease-free pest areas

41
Q

Eradication

A

the elimination of a pest from a designated area

42
Q

Integrated Pest Management`

A

a balanced, tactical approach to pest control - defines ways to anticipate pest outbreaks and prevent pest damage

43
Q

Why Practice IPM

A

helps preserve a balanced ecosystem, pesticides can be ineffective, IPM can save money, promotes a healthy environment, maintains a good public image

44
Q

Components of IPM

A
  1. ID the pest and understand its biology 2. monitor the target pest 3. develop the goal 4. implement the ipm program
45
Q

Types of Pests (for IPM)

A

key pests (major damage), secondary pests (become a problem when a key pest is controlled or absent), occasional pests (become troublesome only once in awhile due to their lifecycle)

46
Q

Economic Threshold (ET)

A

when the pest population is large enough to justify the cost of control

47
Q

Economic Injury Level (EIL)

A

pest population density that causes losses equal to the cost of control measures

48
Q

Prevention Techniques (Pesticides)

A

preplant or preemergent herbicides

49
Q

Suppression

A

aim is to reduce pest population levels, usually do not eliminate all pests but reduce to below the EIL

50
Q

Eradication Efforts

A

most effective in buildings or other small spaces where once the pest is eliminated it can be excluded

51
Q

Pesticide Application Failure Reasons

A

incorrect identification, dosage, incorrect use, timing, application equipment, environmental issues, pesticide degradation

52
Q

Pesticide Resistance

A

ability of a pest to tolerate a pesticide that once controlled it

53
Q

Increase Factors for Pesticide Resistance

A

continual use of chemicals from the same class, frequent applications, greater persistence, pests that have many generations per season

54
Q

Delay Factors for Pesticide Resistance

A

use of new or altered pesticides, new compounds with different modes of action, changing use patterns, applying over limited areas, treating alternate generations

55
Q
A

Arborist Exam (20 decks)

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