National Core Pesticide Manual - Chapter One

Question 1

Bioaccumulation

Answer 1

when chlorinated hydrocarbons accumulate in the fatty tissues of some animals - esp higher in the food chain

Question 2

Biomagnification

Answer 2

in some organisms, when accumulated chemical residues are found in higher concentrations than they are in the organism they consumed

Question 3

Four Main Groups of Pests

Answer 3

weeds, invertebrate animals, pathogens and vertebrate animals

Question 4

First Step of Pest Management

Answer 4

accurately identify the pest

Question 5

Abiotic Factors

Answer 5

natural control measures within the environment that injure or destroy plants and animals, including pests

Question 6

Two Types of Pest Management Methods

Answer 6

Natural Controls & Applied Controls

Question 7

Applied Controls (6)

Answer 7

biological, chemical, cultural, genetic, mechanical and regulatory

Question 8

Biological Control

Answer 8

use of natural enemies (predators, parasites, pathogens and competitors) to control pests and their damage

Question 9

Pesticide

Answer 9

any material that is applied to plants, soil, water, harvested crops etc, or animals to kill, attract, repel or regulate or interrupt the growth and mating of pests, or to regulate plant growth

Question 10

Avicides

Answer 10

control or repel pest birds

Question 11

Bactericides

Answer 11

control bacteria

Question 12

Chemosterilants

Answer 12

sterilize insects or pest vertebrates

Question 13

Defoliants

Answer 13

cause leaves (foliage) to drop from plants

Question 14

Desiccants

Answer 14

promote drying or loss of moisture from plant tissues and insects

Question 15

Disinfectants

Answer 15

(antimicrobials) control microorganisms

Question 16

Fungicides

Answer 16

control fungi

Question 17

Growth Regulators

Answer 17

alter the growth or development of a plant or animal

Question 18

Herbicides

Answer 18

control weeds

Question 19

Insecticides

Answer 19

control insects and related arthroppods

Question 20

Mitiicides

Answer 20

(acaricides) control mites

Question 21

Molluscicides

Answer 21

control snails and slugs

Question 22

Nematicides

Answer 22

control nematodes (round worms)

Question 23

Ovicides

Answer 23

destroy eggs

Question 24

Pheromones

Answer 24

attract insects

Question 25

Piscicides

Answer 25

control pest fish

Question 26

Predacides

Answer 26

control predatory vertebrates (i.e coyotes)

Question 27

Repellents

Answer 27

repel insects, mites, ticks, pest vertebrates, invertebrates, birds, and mammals

Question 28

Rodenticides

Answer 28

control rodents

Question 29

Mode of Action

Answer 29

how they kill the pest

Question 30

Site of Action

Answer 30

the specific biological system affected within the pest

Question 31

Selective Pesticides

Answer 31

toxic to some pests but not others

Question 32

Systemic Pesticides

Answer 32

absorbed and translocated within a plant or animal

Question 33

Contact Pesticides

Answer 33

are not absorbed, must directly touch the pest or a site the pest frequents to be effective

Question 34

Persistence

Answer 34

how long they remain active to control pests

Question 35

Residual Pesticides

Answer 35

can control pests for weeks, months or even years

Question 36

Cultural Controls

Answer 36

practices that reduce pest establishment, reproduction, dispersal and survival

Question 37

Sanitation

Answer 37

eliminating the necessities important to a pest's survival (food, water, shelter)

Question 38

Genetic Control

Answer 38

plants / animals bred or selected to resist specific pest problems

Question 39

Regulatory Control

Answer 39

when problems cannot be controlled successfully at a local or individual level, pest present a problem to public health - quarantine or eradication is directed by governmental agencies

Question 40

Quarantine

Answer 40

control process designed to prevent entry of certain pests into disease-free pest areas

Question 41

Eradication

Answer 41

the elimination of a pest from a designated area

Question 42

Integrated Pest Management`

Answer 42

a balanced, tactical approach to pest control - defines ways to anticipate pest outbreaks and prevent pest damage

Question 43

Why Practice IPM

Answer 43

helps preserve a balanced ecosystem, pesticides can be ineffective, IPM can save money, promotes a healthy environment, maintains a good public image

Question 44

Components of IPM

Answer 44

1. ID the pest and understand its biology 2. monitor the target pest 3. develop the goal 4. implement the ipm program

Question 45

Types of Pests (for IPM)

Answer 45

key pests (major damage), secondary pests (become a problem when a key pest is controlled or absent), occasional pests (become troublesome only once in awhile due to their lifecycle)

Question 46

Economic Threshold (ET)

Answer 46

when the pest population is large enough to justify the cost of control

Question 47

Economic Injury Level (EIL)

Answer 47

pest population density that causes losses equal to the cost of control measures

Question 48

Prevention Techniques (Pesticides)

Answer 48

preplant or preemergent herbicides

Question 49

Suppression

Answer 49

aim is to reduce pest population levels, usually do not eliminate all pests but reduce to below the EIL

Question 50

Eradication Efforts

Answer 50

most effective in buildings or other small spaces where once the pest is eliminated it can be excluded

Question 51

Pesticide Application Failure Reasons

Answer 51

incorrect identification, dosage, incorrect use, timing, application equipment, environmental issues, pesticide degradation

Question 52

Pesticide Resistance

Answer 52

ability of a pest to tolerate a pesticide that once controlled it

Question 53

Increase Factors for Pesticide Resistance

Answer 53

continual use of chemicals from the same class, frequent applications, greater persistence, pests that have many generations per season

Question 54

Delay Factors for Pesticide Resistance

Answer 54

use of new or altered pesticides, new compounds with different modes of action, changing use patterns, applying over limited areas, treating alternate generations