National Core Pesticide Manual - Chapter Five Flashcards
Toxicity
ability of a pesticide to cause short term or long term injury
Acute
short term injury; caused by a single, one time exposure event
Chronic
long term injury
Exposure
when pesticides get onto or into the body through he skin, lungs, mouth or by eye contact
Hazard Formula
Toxicity x Exposure
Local Effects
those that occur to the area of contact with skin, eyes or respiratory tract; contact symptoms
Systemic Effects
occur once the substance is absorbed and distributed throughout the body; can be acute or chronic
Allergy Effects
hypersensitivity to a specific substance (allergen)
Four Primary Routes of Exposure
Skin (dermal), eyes (ocular), lungs (inhalation), mouth (oral)
Main Route of Pesticide Entry
the skin, esp warm, moist areas
LD
lethal dose, dose of a toxicant required to kill 50% of the population of test animals under a standard set of conditions (LOWER LD = GREATER TOXICITY)
GHS Hazard Class I
highly toxic w/ acute oral LD50 DANGER / POISON / SKULL AND CROSSBONES; some may just say Danger
GHS Hazard Class II
moderately toxic, WARNING / AVISO, LD50 from 50 - 500 mg / kg
GHS Hazard Class III
CAUTION, slightly toxic LD50 from 500-5,000 mg / kg
Delayed Effects
illnesses or injuries that do not appear immediately (within 24 hours) after exposure to a pesticide - could be weeks, months or even years
Mild Poisoning Symptoms
fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, sweating / salivating, nausea / vomiting, stomach cramps / diarrhea
Moderate Poisoning Symptoms
inability to walk, weakness, chest discomfort, constriction of pupils, mild symptoms to more severe
Severe Poisoning Symptoms
unconsciousness, severe constriction of pupils, muscle twitching, running nose / drooling, diff breathing, coma / death
Cholinesterase Inhibition
enzyme necessary for proper nerve impulse control, if reduced below a critical level nerve impulses can no longer be controlled (everything from movement to breathing)
General First Aid
seek medical advice immediately, be alert for symptoms, wear PPE to assist, bring the label, call poison control, rinse affected area
Pesticide on the Skin
remove contaminated clothing, wash the area with soap and water, shower do not bath, avoid harsh scrubbing, gently dry, cover chemical burns loosely with a clean soft cloth, wash contaminated clothing seperately
Pesticide in the Eyes
respond quickly, hold eyelid open and flush with clean water, flush across not into or use an eyewash, continuously rinse for 15 minutes, flush under the eyelid, cover the eyelid with a clean piece of cloth and seek medical attention immediately
Pesticide Inhalation
carry or assist to fresh air; do not let patient walk unassisted, do not attempt to rescue someone down in an enclosed area w/o PPE, warn others, have victim lie down and loosen clothing, keep victim warm and quiet, if seizing turn head to the side, monitor breathing, begin respirations if necessary
Pesticide in Mouth or Swallowed
if not swallowed; rinse thoroughly, give victim large amounts of milk or water to drink. if swallowed; decide whether or not to induce vomiting - ONLY if label instructs you to do so
