NASM Study Guide Flashcards
Section 1: Professional Development and
Responsibility
Chapter 1. The Modern State of Health and Fitness
The focus on___________ makes NASM’s systems and methodologies safe and
effective for any client working toward any fitness goal.
scientific principles
NASM recommends that all fitness professionals maintain a focus on an _______________
practice to attain the highest levels of success.
evidence-based
_______________ practice is the conscientious use of current best evidence in making
decisions about patient or client care.
Evidence-based
NASM’s proprietary approach to exercise training, ____________, was developed with evidence-based practice as a core guiding philosophy.
the OPT model
_______________disease is any suddenly occurring medical condition that can be treated and healed in a short period of time.
Acute
A __________ is a medical condition that persists without quickly going away or
being cured altogether.
chronic disease
The terms _________ and __________ refer to a body weight that is greater than what is
considered normal or healthy for a certain height, specifically due to excess body fat.
overweight and obesity
Being ________ or __________ greatly increase the chances of developing a chronic disease.
overweight or obese
_________________ is a broad term describing numerous problems of the heart and
blood vessels, including stroke, heart attacks, heart failure, heart valve problems, and arrhythmias.
Cardiovascular disease
_________________ is one of the primary risk factors for heart disease and stroke, which are
the global leading causes of death.
Hypertension
____________________is a waxy substance found in the blood that is made up of a combination of protein and fatty acids.
Cholesterol
______________ is a disease in which blood glucose levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods we eat.
Diabetes
________________ is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose get into cells to provide the energy for work.
Insulin
_______________is an abnormal growth of cells that can result from a wide range of genetic and environmental factors.
Cancer
__________________ is an umbrella term for lung diseases characterized by increased breathlessness, airflow limitation, and accelerated decline of lung function.
COPD
Two of the most common issues at the foot and ankle are ___________ and _________ .
sprains and plantar fasciitis.
An ankle sprain occurs when a person rolls, twists, or turns an ankle, which stretches or
tears ligaments, whereas plantar fasciitis causes pain in the plantar fascia tissue located on the underside of the foot.
The _______________ is made up of the lumbar spine (low-back area), pelvis, abdomen, and hip musculoskeletal structures; it is more commonly referred to as the “core.”
LPHC
The LPHC is
an important anatomical structure because it connects the upper and lower halves of a person’s body.
What does LPHC stand for?
lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC)
_________________ is very common in the greater population, especially in those who frequently lift objects overhead.
Shoulder dysfunction
_____________ and ___________have been frequently shown by research
to improve numerous types of musculoskeletal dysfunction and chronic disease.
Regular exercise and increased physical activity
An NASM-CPT must always adhere to the _____________
NASM Code of Professional Conduct.
Section 1: Professional Development and
Responsibility
Chapter 2. The Personal Training Profession
______________should be used to predict how many clients will need to be
serviced to support a desired annual financial goal.
“Forecasting” techniques
What are the Four Ps of marketing?
product, price, promotion, and place.
Section 2: Client Relations and Behavioral
Coaching
Chapter 3. The Psychology of Exercise
____________and __________are trained and licensed professionals who treat people
with mental illnesses.
Psychologists and psychiatrists
________________ happens when someone does something for rewards or
recognition.
Extrinsic motivation
_______________ describes the motivation to do something that comes from within
an individual; it is strongly related to long-term adherence.
Intrinsic motivation
__________________ to exercise occurs when someone has mixed feelings about exercise and
likely sees pros and cons to participation.
Ambivalence
Transportation to a fitness facility, assisting with childcare, or packing someone’s gym bag is considered what form of support?
Instrumental support
Informational support is one of the main reasons why someone will seek out a fitness
professional; it includes providing accurate and current information about fitness and
exercise.
Being caring, empathetic, and concerned about
someone’s experience with exercise is a form of what type of support?
Emotional support
When someone exercises with another person. What type of support is this?
Companionship support
__________ on exercise refer to the influence held by other people over whether
or not someone exercises and can come from family members, parents, exercise
leaders, exercise groups, or the surrounding community.
Group influences
The ______________ sets the tone of the class and is responsible for creating an inviting
and inclusive exercise environment.
exercise leader
Section 2: Client Relations and Behavioral
Coaching
Chapter 4. Behavioral Coaching
Client does not exercise and is not planning to start exercising within 6 months. What stage of the Change Model is this considered?
Precontemplation Stage
When a person is thinking about implementing change but has not yet taken any steps to get started; an individual may take action within the next 6 months. What stage of the Change Model is this considered?
Contemplation Stage
The client intends to act in the near future, usually within the next month. What stage of the Change Model is this considered?
Preparation
The client has made specific modifications in their exercise routine within the past 6 months. What stage of the Change Model is this considered?
Action
The client has been exercising for more than 6 months and is working to prevent relapse. What stage of the Change Model is this considered?
Maintenance
What does the acronym SMART stands for?
specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely
Section 2: Client Relations and Behavioral
Coaching
Chapter 5. The Nervous, Muscular, and Skeletal Systems
The __________________ includes an integration of the nervous, skeletal, and
muscular systems.
human movement system
The nervous system provides sensory _______________ and motor _____________ information.
sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
The _________________ contains different types of sensory receptors such as mechanoreceptors,
nociceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
PNS
The PNS contains two subdivisions:_________________
the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Name two important sensory receptors
(mechanoreceptors).
The muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ
What does the nervous system require for electrolytes in order to properly function?
sodium, potassium, magnesium, and water
Motor skill development often occurs in three stages; What are those three stages?
cognitive, associative, and autonomous.
The _______________ provides support for the body and protects the internal organs.
skeletal system
The skeletal system has two divisions:
axial and appendicular
Bone growth occurs throughout life and remodels itself with specialized cells called:
osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
What are the five categories of bones:
long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.
The vertebral column has five distinct regions:
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.
_______________ describes bone movement, and _______________describes movement at the joint surface.
Osteokinematic , Arthrokinematic
______________ are unique with a synovial capsule but also contain other connective tissues, such as ligaments and fascia that provide support.
Synovial joints
Synovial joints have six classifications:
gliding (plane), condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, and ball-and-socket.
The ________________ links the nervous and skeletal systems and generates force to move the human body.
muscular system
_______________consist of repeating sarcomeres and the myofilaments actin and myosin, which create the muscle contraction described by the sliding filament theory. Adenosine triphosphate is also needed to create energy for this process.
Myofibrils
_______________ describes the steps in the muscle contraction process involving the nervous and muscular systems.
Excitation-contraction coupling
The ________________ and ___________ are involved in the excitation-contraction coupling process.
electrolyte calcium and neurotransmitter acetylcholine
The ________________ principle describes how a motor unit either maximally contracts or does not contract at all.
all-or-nothing
________________, muscle fibers are smaller in size, produce less force, and are fatigue resistant.
Type I, slow-twitch
________________, muscle fibers are larger in size, produce more force, and fatigue quickly.
Type II, fast-twitch
