Nasal and Oral Tumors

Question 1

Are oral melanomas of dogs more often benign or malignant?

Answer 1

Malignant

Question 2

What % of oral melanoma dogs have bone involvement?

Answer 2

Over 50%

Question 3

Where do oral melanomas commonly metastasize to?

Answer 3

Tonsils and regional LNs (also lungs)

Question 4

How do you diagnose an oral melanoma in a dog?

Answer 4

Biopsy

Question 5

What is the MST for a canine oral melanoma with no treatment?

Answer 5

2 months

Question 6

What surgical options are there for treating canine oral melanoma/SCC?

Answer 6

Mandibulectomy or maxillectomy

Question 7

What is the MST for a canine oral melanoma treated with mandibulectomy/maxillectomy?

Answer 7

6-12mo

Question 8

By how much does chemotherapy treatment after surgery increase MST for canine oral melanomas?

Answer 8

Increases MST to 2y

Question 9

What are prognostic factors assoc. w/oral melanoma in dogs?

Answer 9

Size, location, stage, and local recurrence

Question 10

What is the 2nd most common oral tumor in dogs?

Answer 10

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 11

What % of canine oral SCC have bone involvement?

Answer 11

Over 70%

Question 12

Is metastasis more common with canine oral melanomas or SCC?

Answer 12

Melanoma

Question 13

How do you diagnose a canine oral SCC?

Answer 13

Biopsy

Question 14

What is the MST for a canine oral SCC treated with mandibulectomy and maxillectomy?

Answer 14

18mo

Question 15

How does chemotherapy affect a canine oral SCC?

Answer 15

Does not result in good survival times

Question 16

Combination of surgery and what other treatment modality increases survival time of canine oral SCC by two?

Answer 16

Radiation therapy

Question 17

What is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs?

Answer 17

Oral malignant melanoma

Question 18

What dog breeds are more commonly affected by oral malignant melanomas?

Answer 18

Chows, GR, poodle, cockers

Question 19

What is a melanoma?

Answer 19

Tumor of melanocytes

Question 20

What % of oral malignant melanomas are amelanotic and may not contain any melanin?

Answer 20

1/3

Question 21

What are other common places for melanomas to occur in dogs?

Answer 21

Cutaneous (usually benign)
Nail beds (50% malignant)

Question 22

Once a diagnosis of oral malignant melanoma is made, what are the tests done to determine staging?

Answer 22

MDB, regional LN aspirates, thoracic rads

Question 23

How can radiation therapy be used to help treat oral malignant melanoma?

Answer 23

Can shrink tumor or temporarily slow its growth

Question 24

Which chemotherapy agents have mild efficacy in temporarily shrinking oral malignant melanomas?

Answer 24

Platinum agents (carboplatin and cisplatin)

Question 25

When is the oral malignant melanoma vaccine meant to be given to a dog?

Answer 25

After OMM has developed

Question 26

What is the MoA of the melanoma vaccine?

Answer 26

Antibody response against tyrosinase

Question 27

What is the oral malignant melanoma size cut off for good prognosis?

Answer 27

<2cm

Question 28

Dogs with oral malignant melanomas in what region of the mouth have a better prognosis?

Answer 28

Rostral oral cavity

Question 29

Which dog breeds are predisposed to nasal tumors?

Answer 29

Dolichocephalics

Question 30

Nasal tumors make up what % of respiratory tumors in dogs?

Answer 30

60-80%

Question 31

What are the three most common clinical signs seen with nasal tumors in dogs?

Answer 31

Epistaxis, sneezing, nasal discharge

Question 32

What is the most common nasal tumor in dogs?

Answer 32

Adenocarcinoma

Question 33

What is the biologic behavior of most canine nasal tumors?

Answer 33

Locally aggressive, bony destruction, sinus/cribiform involvement

Question 34

What % of canine nasal tumors have bilateral involvement?

Answer 34

80-90%

Question 35

Why are radiographs less desirable for diagnosing canine nasal tumors even though they have similar sensitivity for detecting abnormalities as CT/MRI?

Answer 35

Less effective for staging disease

Question 36

How do you definitively diagnose a canine nasal tumor?

Answer 36

Rhinoscopy and biopsy

Question 37

What is the MST for canine nasal tumor with no treatment?

Answer 37

3mo

Question 38

What type of nasal tumors respond to Piroxicam 50% of the time?

Answer 38

Carcinomas

Question 39

What is the MST for canine nasal tumors treated with Piroxicam?

Answer 39

3mo

Question 40

What is the MST for canine nasal tumors treated with surgery?

Answer 40

3mo

Question 41

What is the treatment of choice for nasal tumors?

Answer 41

Radiation therapy

Question 42

What is the MST for canine nasal tumors treated with radiation therapy?

Answer 42

12mo

Question 43

What are side effects of radiation treatment of nasal tumors?

Answer 43

Hair loss (usually regrows), mucositis, dry nose