Chemotherapeutic Drugs Flashcards
Which chemo drug is adriamycin?
Doxorubicin
What are adverse effects of doxorubicin in cats?
Renal toxicity
What are adverse effects of doxorubicin in dogs?
Cardiotoxic
Which breeds need to be prescreened for DCM prior to administration of doxorubicin?
Boxers and Dobermans
How do you treat doxorubicin extravasation?
Localize and neutralize (cold compress + 10x dexrazoxane)
Which chemo is used in metronomics?
Cyclophosphamide
What is a side effect of cyclophosphamide?
Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis
How can you prolong onset/prevent sterile hemorrhagic cystitis during cyclophosphamide treatment?
Concurrent furosemide
What is a side effect of vincristine?
Paralytic ileus
How do you treat vincristine extravasation?
Dilute and disperse (warm compress + hyaluronidase)
Why can L-asparaginase cause anaphylaxis?
Protein enzyme elicits immune response
Which chemo drug is used most for lymphosarcoma relapse?
L-asparaginase
Which chemo drug should NOT be given IV?
L-asparaginase
Which chemo drug is used for osteosarcoma in dogs?
Cisplatin/carboplatin
What does cisplatin cause in cats?
Fatal pulmonary edema
How can you decrease toxicity of cisplatin in dogs?
Diuresis
Which rarely used chemo drug is neurotoxic to cats?
5-flurouracil
How do we dose chemotherapy?
mg/m2 (except in small dogs)
Which gene mutation of Collies/Aus shepherds alters drug metabolism and therefore necessitates a lower chemo dose?
MDR-1/ABCB-1
Which chemo drugs most heavily affect MDR-1/ABCB-1 mutated dogs (and should be avoided if possible)?
Doxorubicin, antimitotics
How much should the chemo dose be reduced for an MDR-1/ABCB-1 mutated dog?
30-40%
Why should the chemo dose for a MDR-1/ABCB-1 mutation be reduced?
Mutation = less drug removal = incr. risk in these dogs
When is adjuvant chemo given?
After surgery
When is neoadjuvant chemo given?
Prior to surgery in attempts to shrink the tumor
When is induction/maintenance chemo given?
If chemo is only treatment being used
What is palliative chemo?
Improving QoL by treating clinical signs
What % of chemo patients have no/minimal side effects?
80-85%
What are antimitotic chemo drugs?
Vincristine and vinblastine
What is the MoA of antimitotic chemo drugs?
Disrupts mitosis
What are antimitotic chemo drugs derived from?
Vinca alkaloids (Periwinkle)
Which chemo drug is neuropathic after 4-5 cumulative doses?
Vincristine
What chemo drug is mostly used for CNS tumors?
Cytosine
What are antimetabolite chemo drugs?
Cytosine and 5-fluorouracil
Which chemo drugs are very rarely used?
Antimetabolites
What is the MoA of alkylating chemo agents?
Bind DNA strands to change their structure
Which chemo drug is used specifically for mulitple myeloma?
Melphalan
What causes cyclophosphamide-assoc. sterile hemorrhagic cystitis?
Acrolin metabolites in bladder
What can you give concurrently with CCNU to prevent liver toxicity?
Denamarin
What are antibiotic chemo drugs?
Doxorubicin and mitoxantrone
