Napoleon and Europe Flashcards
when was the first treaty of Paris? what was it?
30 may 1814- allies agreed to withdraw from french soil and allow france to keep looted artworks. the french had to accept boarders of 1792 §
where did the allies meet to confirm the treaty of paris?
congress in vienna
what was the treaty of fontainebleau? when was it?
april 1814- Napoleon was made to give up his throne, but was allowed to keep title of emperor and income of £200,000, he was sent to the island of Elba as his kingdom
what was the charter of 74 articles?
louis XVIII had to accept to take the throne it guaranteed: *two chambered assembly of elected deputies *fair taxation *equality before the law *freedom of individual *abolition of conscription *freedom of worship
when did napoleon return to france?
march 1815- allies signed outlaw against him
what was the congress of Vienna? when was it?
November 1814: hosted by Austrian emperor, the allies and French would meet to confirm the peace of Paris
what was the hundred days? when?
20 march 1815- 22 June 1815 (94 days)
the period when Napoleon returned from Elba until second abdication
how many men did Napoleon gather when moving towards paris?
landed with 1000 men and gathered 12,000 men around France. when he arrived to Paris the royal guard defected to Napoleon.
how many men did Napoleon gather before battle of Waterloo?
300,000
what kind of monarch was Louis xviii?
he believed he had the divine right of kings but realised what had happened to his predecessor and so accepted revolutionary and napoleonic reforms
what was the Act Additionel?
the new constitution proposed by Napoleon, which was meant to appeal to liberals. it was written by Benjamin constant.
it promised free press and elections, a constitutional monarch and two chamber government
what was the turnout for the plebiscite for new constitution?
turnout of 22% with 1.5 million in favour and 6000 against
when did Napoleon leave Paris with his army?
June 1815: marched with 300,000 men to Ligny where he defeated the Prussians. Napoleon assumed the Prussians had fled
what occurred at the battle of Waterloo? when?
18 June 1815: the Prussian army (81,000) met up with British Army at Waterloo, the allies were victorious and Napoleon had to retreat
when did Napoleon abdicate?
22 June 1815
who did Napoleon attempt to promote as his successor?
attempted to promote his son as his successor, but this was rejected
when and who did Napoleon surrender to?
15 July: Napoleon surrendered to British naval captain who took him to Plymouth then exiled to st. Helena
when did Napoleon die?
six years after exile in 1821
where did Louis xviii flee to when Napoleon retuned?
Ghent in Belgium
what were the terms of the second peace of Paris? when was it?
November 1815: French boarders reduced to those of 1790, francs had to pay 700m reparations, France had to pay for defensive fortresses, had to accept army of occupation for 5 years
how was France treated by Vienna settlement?
a conservative reaction which was trying to turn back the clock to 1789. attempted to ignore new forces of democracy and nationality
what state was France in by 1815?
the bourbon monarch had been restored and noble and catholic elite come back to prominence
how had different people benefitted or lost out by 1815?
the bourgeois professionals continued to dominate positions of power.
biens nationaux not retuned to former nobles/church benefitted
revolutionary principles still intact
who did Louis xviii rely on to advise?
relied on people such as Talleyrand and fouche
