events in war Flashcards
when was the declaration of pillnitz issued? what was it\?
27 august 1791- by Austrian emperor and Frederick of Prussia
stated that: the power of the French crown should be restored, force should be used to restore power
when was the decree against emigres? what was it?
9 November 1791- threatened banishment and seizure of property unless they returned to France
when was the decree against refractory priests? what was it?
29 November 1791- demanded refractory priests take the oath or be treated as traitors
how did Louis react to decrees against emigres and refractory priests?
used his veto against them
why was louis in favour of war?
Louis was in contact with his brothers and other emigres
when did France declare war on Austria?
20 April 1792
when did the assembly call for deportation of refractory priests?
27 may 1792
when were the federes set up?what were they?
June 1792- volunteer troops trained in Paris
how did the war cause the September massacres?
the news reached Paris that Longwy had fallen to the enemy and that Verdun was under siege caused fear and panic leading to bloodshed
when did the war of the first coalition last?
1792-1797
what was the claim of French ‘natural frontiers’?
January 1793- Danton claimed that the Pyrenees, alps and Rhine should form French boarders
who were members of the first coalition?
Austria, Prussia, Piedmont-Sardinia, spain (from 1793-1796), Portugal, united provinces and Britain
when did general dumoriez defect to Austria?
April 1793
when did the British blockade of ports begin?
June 1793
what caused the rising in the vendee? when?
march 1793- caused by levee for 300,000 men
what caused the federalist revolts? when?
- propelled by the expulsion of the girondin on 2 June 1793
* on 29 may Jacobin leader were forced out of office in Lyons
how many departments protested expulsion of girondin?
60/83
what threat did the 2 uprisings present?
both uprisings together presented threat of civil war
what was the levee en masse? when was it?
23 august 1793
- all men between 18-25 to join military
- married men to forge weapons and supplies
- women made tents and served in hospitals
how many generals were accused of treason and executed
17 generals in 1793
what did the battle of Wattignies do for the French people?
boosted moral and encouragement
when was Toulon recaptured?
19 December 1793- thanks to Napoleon.
700-800 prisoners shot or slain
what success did Napoleon have in Italy?
1796-1797: battle of Lodi, battle of rivoli, battle of Arcola, battle of Mantua
pillaging created short economic boost
how was the Egyptian campaign a failure? what years?
1798-1799: siege of Jaffa, he shot 2000 prisoners
and had to abandon siege of acre
Napoleon ultimately retreated in may 1799
when did the war of 2nd coalition last?
1799-1802
when was the Brunswick manifesto? what was it?
July 1792- demanded the restoration of the monarchy
what was the Milan decree? when was it?
1807- allowed french warships to capture neutral ships from british ports
when did napoleon attempt a coup aganist the Spanish king?- peninsular war
1808- N.B entered spain and forced the abdication of charles iv this caused a divide within spain between middle class who welcomed the french and clerics who deemed them godless.
when were the Madrid riots? what were they caused by?
may 1808- citizens rebelled against the french killing 150 french soldiers
how was the peninsular war fought?
became war of attrition with napoleon using overwhelming numbers to attack rebels.
faced guerilla warfare, which the french were not used to
when was napoleon forced to leave Spain and why?
January 1809 to deal with Austrians
why was the spanish war known as the ‘spanish ulcer’?
the war had become long and drawn out that was draining french resources and soldiers
what was the outcome of the spanish conflict?
by 1813 wellesly was able to defeat the french and enter madrid. Jospeh fled and wellesly led invasion of France defeating them at Toulouse in 1814
when did the austrians re-enter the war?
1809, improving tactics and structure
what success did Austrian forces have against french?
april 1809 invaded Bavaria forcing bavarian forces to retreat
why was napoleon hindered at the crossing in Danube?
he faced setback of losing 20,000 men to Austrian forces
napoleon then crossed with 188,000 men with austrians using new tactics caused major casualty of 34,000 men, but napoleon eventually won
why did the Austrians seek peace?
the austrian morale collapsed, they had lost 43,000 men and immediately sought peace
what was the treaty of schonbrunn? when?
October 1809- austria lost territory and population
why had success in austria not been easy?
- overconfident and less well prepared
- french army had more new recruits than veterans
- austria had learned from the french and built up its army
- the spanish campaign and risings in germany diverted troops
