events in war

Question 1

when was the declaration of pillnitz issued? what was it\?

Answer 1

27 august 1791- by Austrian emperor and Frederick of Prussia
stated that: the power of the French crown should be restored, force should be used to restore power

Question 2

when was the decree against emigres? what was it?

Answer 2

9 November 1791- threatened banishment and seizure of property unless they returned to France

Question 3

when was the decree against refractory priests? what was it?

Answer 3

29 November 1791- demanded refractory priests take the oath or be treated as traitors

Question 4

how did Louis react to decrees against emigres and refractory priests?

Answer 4

used his veto against them

Question 5

why was louis in favour of war?

Answer 5

Louis was in contact with his brothers and other emigres

Question 6

when did France declare war on Austria?

Answer 6

20 April 1792

Question 7

when did the assembly call for deportation of refractory priests?

Answer 7

27 may 1792

Question 8

when were the federes set up?what were they?

Answer 8

June 1792- volunteer troops trained in Paris

Question 9

how did the war cause the September massacres?

Answer 9

the news reached Paris that Longwy had fallen to the enemy and that Verdun was under siege caused fear and panic leading to bloodshed

Question 10

when did the war of the first coalition last?

Answer 10

1792-1797

Question 11

what was the claim of French ‘natural frontiers’?

Answer 11

January 1793- Danton claimed that the Pyrenees, alps and Rhine should form French boarders

Question 12

who were members of the first coalition?

Answer 12

Austria, Prussia, Piedmont-Sardinia, spain (from 1793-1796), Portugal, united provinces and Britain

Question 13

when did general dumoriez defect to Austria?

Answer 13

April 1793

Question 14

when did the British blockade of ports begin?

Answer 14

June 1793

Question 15

what caused the rising in the vendee? when?

Answer 15

march 1793- caused by levee for 300,000 men

Question 16

what caused the federalist revolts? when?

Answer 16

• propelled by the expulsion of the girondin on 2 June 1793

* on 29 may Jacobin leader were forced out of office in Lyons

Question 17

how many departments protested expulsion of girondin?

Answer 17

60/83

Question 18

what threat did the 2 uprisings present?

Answer 18

both uprisings together presented threat of civil war

Question 19

what was the levee en masse? when was it?

Answer 19

23 august 1793

• all men between 18-25 to join military
• married men to forge weapons and supplies
• women made tents and served in hospitals

Question 20

how many generals were accused of treason and executed

Answer 20

17 generals in 1793

Question 21

what did the battle of Wattignies do for the French people?

Answer 21

boosted moral and encouragement

Question 22

when was Toulon recaptured?

Answer 22

19 December 1793- thanks to Napoleon.

700-800 prisoners shot or slain

Question 23

what success did Napoleon have in Italy?

Answer 23

1796-1797: battle of Lodi, battle of rivoli, battle of Arcola, battle of Mantua
pillaging created short economic boost

Question 24

how was the Egyptian campaign a failure? what years?

Answer 24

1798-1799: siege of Jaffa, he shot 2000 prisoners
and had to abandon siege of acre
Napoleon ultimately retreated in may 1799

Question 25

when did the war of 2nd coalition last?

Answer 25

1799-1802

Question 26

when was the Brunswick manifesto? what was it?

Answer 26

July 1792- demanded the restoration of the monarchy

Question 27

what was the Milan decree? when was it?

Answer 27

1807- allowed french warships to capture neutral ships from british ports

Question 28

when did napoleon attempt a coup aganist the Spanish king?- peninsular war

Answer 28

1808- N.B entered spain and forced the abdication of charles iv 
this caused a divide within spain between middle class who welcomed the french and clerics who deemed them godless.

Question 29

when were the Madrid riots? what were they caused by?

Answer 29

may 1808- citizens rebelled against the french killing 150 french soldiers

Question 30

how was the peninsular war fought?

Answer 30

became war of attrition with napoleon using overwhelming numbers to attack rebels.
faced guerilla warfare, which the french were not used to

Question 31

when was napoleon forced to leave Spain and why?

Answer 31

January 1809 to deal with Austrians

Question 32

why was the spanish war known as the ‘spanish ulcer’?

Answer 32

the war had become long and drawn out that was draining french resources and soldiers

Question 33

what was the outcome of the spanish conflict?

Answer 33

by 1813 wellesly was able to defeat the french and enter madrid. Jospeh fled and wellesly led invasion of France defeating them at Toulouse in 1814

Question 34

when did the austrians re-enter the war?

Answer 34

1809, improving tactics and structure

Question 35

what success did Austrian forces have against french?

Answer 35

april 1809 invaded Bavaria forcing bavarian forces to retreat

Question 36

why was napoleon hindered at the crossing in Danube?

Answer 36

he faced setback of losing 20,000 men to Austrian forces
napoleon then crossed with 188,000 men with austrians using new tactics caused major casualty of 34,000 men, but napoleon eventually won

Question 37

why did the Austrians seek peace?

Answer 37

the austrian morale collapsed, they had lost 43,000 men and immediately sought peace

Question 38

what was the treaty of schonbrunn? when?

Answer 38

October 1809- austria lost territory and population

Question 39

why had success in austria not been easy?

Answer 39

• overconfident and less well prepared
• french army had more new recruits than veterans
• austria had learned from the french and built up its army
• the spanish campaign and risings in germany diverted troops