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History (French Rev)- evidence > Ancien Regime > Flashcards

Ancien Regime Flashcards

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1
Q

when did Louis XVI become king of France?

A

1774

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2
Q

what was Marie Antoinette known as?

A

madame deficit because if her reputation as a spendthrift

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3
Q

what was the divine right of kings?

A

the king was chosen by god and is his informant

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4
Q

what was the king in council?

A

the king was expected to consult others on formulation of policy

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5
Q

who were the intendants?

A

royal agents who would maintain the kings rule in provinces and feedback to him

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6
Q

what were the intendants responsible for?

A
  • ensuring taxes were paid
  • ensuring kings edicts were carried out
  • presiding over local courts
  • raising troops
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7
Q

what were provincial governors?

A

drawn from the nobility, responsible for provinces and were responsible for maintaining order. had the power to call provincial parlement

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8
Q

what were the pays d’etats?

A

6 areas of France which were allowed to negotiate how much tax they paid and then paying it in a lump sum

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9
Q

what was venality?

A

the custom of selling administrative offices

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10
Q

how many venal offices were there by 1789?

A

70,000 by 1789

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11
Q

what were the parlements?

A

sovereign courts the most important being the Paris parlement

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12
Q

what powers did parlements have?

A

controlled guilds, corporations and markets

most importantly carrying gout kings edicts

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13
Q

what is a remonstrance?

A

a document sent by parlement protesting a royal decree

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14
Q

what was a lit de justice?

A

the process in which the king could overrule parlement and force acceptance of an edict

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15
Q

how many made up the first estate?

A

comprised of clergy 150,000 members

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16
Q

how many made up the second estate?

A

comprised of nobility 200,000-400,000 members

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17
Q

how many made up the third estate?

A

the commoners or everyone else around 26.5 million

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18
Q

how many people worked in agriculture?

A

around 21 million

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19
Q

how much land did the church own?

A

around 10%

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20
Q

what exemptions did the 1st estate have?

A

didn’t have to pay taille and allowed to meet in their own assemblies to decide fates

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21
Q

what was the don gratuit?

A

a lump sum of money the church decided to pay to the crown

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22
Q

what privileges did the 2nd estate have?

A

they could display a coat of arms, had the right to be beheaded rather than hanged. also didn’t pay taille

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23
Q

who were the bourgeoisie?

A

the wealthiest commoners who had skilled jibs such as lawyers, doctors, teachers merchants. the would often invest in land

24
Q

what direct taxes were the 3rd estate required to pay?

A

taille, the vingtième, and capitation

25
Q

what indirect taxes were the 3rd estate required to pay?

A

gabelle, aides, tithe

26
Q

what was the Corvee Royale?

A

every male was required to do military service and also do unpaid labour to maintain the kings roads

27
Q

how many seigneurial courts were there?

A

100,000

28
Q

who were the philosophes?

A

French enlightenment thinkers who questioned the political and social structures and the power of the church

29
Q

what was the enlightenment thought on the church?

A

the church had control of the ignorant masses who live in fear of eternal damnation. the also criticised the divine right which questioned the absolute monarchy

30
Q

what was Montesquieu’s idea of government?

A

the separation of powers to crate checks and balances

31
Q

what were salons?

A

a gathering of educated people at the home of a host to increase their knowledge. aced as a centre of social exchange

32
Q

when did the French support the American war of independence

A

in secret began in 1776 by sending supplies and Economic aid, and then began to send troops over including Lafayette

33
Q

how many livres in aid did france send to America?

A

5 million livres

34
Q

what were the economic problems of France in the 1770s and 1780s?

A
  • economy was predominantly agricultural
  • yield from French farms very low and rural overpopulation
  • there were variations in weights and measures across the country which offered chance for fraud
  • French banking system was not advanced
35
Q

when were there a series of bad harvests?

A

1785 to 1789 and in July 1788 a hailstorm destroyed all of Frances crops

36
Q

what was French debt?

A

3.3 billion livres

37
Q

what were Turgots plans to reform the economy?

A
  • cut royal expenses
  • removal or reduction of pensions and encourage Louis to spend less
  • some reforms to tax farming system
  • introduce a general land tax
38
Q

what were Turgots six edicts?

A

the desire to abolish privilege and to tax all and grant every man the right to work

39
Q

when were the six edicts passed?

A

in 1776 they were passed by lit de justice

40
Q

what happened to Turgot?

A

his edicts had offended a wide range of people including Marie Antoinette and in may 1776 was forced to resign

41
Q

what was Neckers policy?

A

he continued turgots cost cutting by reducing royal expenditure, appointing salaried officials to run estates and removed vingtieme on industry

42
Q

by how many did necker reduce tax farmers?

A

from 60 to 40

43
Q

what did neckers changes achieve?

A

reduced corruption and hit venality

44
Q

what happened to necker?

A

he was popular among common people but had made enemies in court including Marie Antoinette, he resigned in 1781

45
Q

when was calonne controller general?

A

1783-1787

46
Q

what was calonnes reform package?

A
  • general land tax
  • extra indirect tax on legal documents (stamp duty)
  • end the Corvee Royale
  • remove controls on grain trade
47
Q

what was the assembly of notables?

A

consisted of 144 men and included 7 princes of the blood and representatives from the estates

48
Q

who was calonne replaced by?

A

Brienne

49
Q

when was the Paris parlement banished to Troyes?

A

august 1787

50
Q

when was the day of tiles? what was it?

A

June 1788- troops in grenoble were attacked with stones and roof slates

51
Q

when did sieyes publish “what is the third estate”?

A

January 1789- argues the third estate was everything and represented the nation

52
Q

what were the cahiers de dolences?

A

a list of grievances drawn up by each estate to be discussed at the estates general. around 40,000 produced

53
Q

when was the estates general held?

A

5 may 1789

54
Q

when was the National Assembly established?

A

17 June 1789- after being prompted by sieyes the 3rd estate split off ton represent the nation

55
Q

when did the clergy join the national assembly?

A

19 June 1789

56
Q

when was the tennis court oath?

A

20 June 1789- promised to Never disband until France had a new constitution

57
Q

when was the storming of the Bastille?

A

14 July 1789- around 70 attackers killed

History (French Rev)- evidence (8 decks)

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