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STS > Nanotechnology > Flashcards

Nanotechnology Flashcards

1
Q

The idea of manipulating and controlling things on an extremely small scale

A

NANOTECHNOLOGY

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2
Q

Understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approx. 1 and 100 nanometers (according to National Nanotechnology Initiative)

A

NANOTECHNOLOGY

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3
Q

Study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales; properties differ from those at larger scale

A

NANOTECHNOLOGY

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4
Q

Technology working with and producing things at atomic level

A

NANOTECHNOLOGY

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5
Q

__________ use atoms and molecules to design new materials that have improved or new properties

A

Nanotechnologists

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6
Q

2 key ideas of nanotechnology

A
  • size matters
  • nanomaterials possess unique properties
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7
Q

key idea of nanotechnology:
* structures exists at nanoscopic scale
* have dimensions between 1 to 100 nanometers
* can be identified as particles, tubes, wires, films, flakes, or shells

A

Size matters

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8
Q

Key idea of nanotechnology:
* properties of materials at nano level differ from the properties of materials in bulk forms
* nanomaterials have greater surface area, resulting to increased chemical reactivity
* decreasing size of particles is related to changes in particle’s magnetic, optical, and electrical properties
* possess special size-dependent properties such as color, fluorescence, melting point, and chemical reactivity which can be used for plenty of purposes

A

Nanomaterials have unique properties

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9
Q

Benefits of nanotechnology in ___________:
* has developed and can have promising contributions in diagnostics, drug delivery, molecular imaging, and tissue welding among others — LAB-ON-A-CHIP

A

Medicine

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10
Q
  • made up of a clear silicone microfluidic chamber
  • developed by researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine
  • provide faster, cheaper, and far more accurate results than any other available diagnostic equipment
A

LAB-ON-A-CHIP

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11
Q
  • Dr Robert Haddon used this as a material scaffolding to hold up regenerating bone
  • could lead to:
  • improved flexibility and strength of artificial bone
  • new types of bond grafts
  • advancement for methods for osteoporosis
A

SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

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12
Q

_____________ used single-walled carbon nanotubes as a material scaffolding to hold up regenerating bone

A

Dr Robert Haddon

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13
Q
  • Generated from iron oxide nanoparticles by Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology (CBEN)
  • can be used as waste treatment and water purification
A

FERROXANE MEMBRANE

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14
Q

Catalysts that can significantly reduce the polluting by-products generated in the production of paints, household detergents and automotive brake fluids

A

SILVER NANOCLUSTERS

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15
Q

Heterogenous materials comprising multiple different phase domains

A

nano composites

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16
Q

Exhibit good gas-barrier properties, barrier properties against visible and UV light

A

Nano composites

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17
Q

Brighter, thinner, lighter, flexible, easier to produce, can be made to larger sizes, and consume less power

A

Organic light-emitting diodes

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18
Q

Able to “boot” almost instantly, can quickly and effectively save data during a system shutdown

A

Magnetic random access memory

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19
Q

Forming conductive lines, and print prototype circuit boards

A

Silver nanoparticle ink

20
Q

____________ is not widely available to many people around the world

A

energy

21
Q
  • Nobel laureate
  • have said that energy tops the list of the top 10 problems facing humanity over the next 50 years
A

Richard E. Smalley

22
Q

Key to achieving a sustainable energy future

A

Advances in nanotechnology

23
Q
  • Improved storage capacity
  • increased lifespan and find use in electric vehicles
A

Nano optimized lithium-ion batteries

24
Q
  • photovoltaic cells that convert any visible light into electrical energy
  • make use of sensitizers with a broad absorption band coupled with nanocrystalline titanium oxide
  • imitate the process of photosynthesis in green plants
A

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) or Gratzel Cells

25
Q
  • added to modern automobile tires as reinforcing filler
  • increasing tire strength and longevity
  • reduce rolling resistance which leads to fuel savings up to 10%
A

Nanoscale carbon black

26
Q
  • causes significant damage to the human body and environment
  • increased chemical activity because of greater surface area than bulk particles
A

toxicity

27
Q
  • determines toxicity of nanomaterial
  • minor changes in ________ could heavily change its properties
A

chemical structure

28
Q
  • lack of information and methods that identify nanomaterial
A

nanoparticle analysis method

29
Q
  • exposure risk, probability of exposure, toxicological analysis, transport risk, transformation risk, ability to recycle
A

full-risk safety assessment on human health and environment

30
Q
  • used to predict environmental impact
A

life cycle risk assessment

31
Q
  • reduced the production of material waste
A

good experimental design in manufacturing

32
Q
  • may be emitted directly to air from source
A

mobility

33
Q
  • many are soluble to water and are difficult to separate if inappropriately handled
A

nanotechnology

34
Q

Other risks concerns of nanotechnology:
* mobility
* solubility
* _______________?

A

Disposal of nanoparticles

35
Q

3 ethical and societal concerns about nanotechnology

A
  1. Intellectual Property/Secrecy
  2. Legitimacy of scientific results
  3. Privacy issues
36
Q

4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology

A
  1. The challenge of technological development
  2. The challenge of technological foresight
  3. the challenge of credibility and understanding
  4. The challenge formulating public policy
37
Q

4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology:
Control over the structure of matter

A

The challenge of technological development

38
Q

4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology:
Sense of lower bounds of future possibilities

A

The challenge of technological foresight

39
Q

4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology:
Clearer understanding of what these technological possibilities

A

the challenge of credibility and understanding

40
Q

4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology:
Formulating policies based on understanding

A

The challenge formulating public policy

41
Q
  • full life-cycle analysis of nanotechnology products
  • risk management
  • scientific experimentation
  • establishing regulatory systems
  • reevaluation of existing regulating systems
A

methods to address the negative implications of nanotechnology

42
Q
  • established at Rice University in Houston, Texas in 2004
  • To develop and communicate information regarding the potential risks of nanotechnology
  • worked with the academe industry, government, and NGO’s
A

International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON)

43
Q

In August 2005, they successfully created a database that focused on the environmental, health, and safety implications of nanotechnology

A

International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON)

44
Q

In _______, the International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON) successfully created a database that focused on the environmental, health, and safety implications of nanotechnology

A

August 2005

45
Q
  • a U.S. government research and development (R&D) initiative
  • consists of 20 federal departments and agencies
  • observe policies in the manufacture and use of nanomaterials
  • promoted the responsible development of nanotech: (A) Environment, (B) health and safety implications, (C) ethical, legal, and societal issues
A

National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)

46
Q

Weighing the pros and cons of nanotechnology is not simple. But the key step to this is to have a ______________________________

A

COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING

STS (13 decks)

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