Nanotechnology Flashcards
The idea of manipulating and controlling things on an extremely small scale
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approx. 1 and 100 nanometers (according to National Nanotechnology Initiative)
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales; properties differ from those at larger scale
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Technology working with and producing things at atomic level
NANOTECHNOLOGY
__________ use atoms and molecules to design new materials that have improved or new properties
Nanotechnologists
2 key ideas of nanotechnology
- size matters
- nanomaterials possess unique properties
key idea of nanotechnology:
* structures exists at nanoscopic scale
* have dimensions between 1 to 100 nanometers
* can be identified as particles, tubes, wires, films, flakes, or shells
Size matters
Key idea of nanotechnology:
* properties of materials at nano level differ from the properties of materials in bulk forms
* nanomaterials have greater surface area, resulting to increased chemical reactivity
* decreasing size of particles is related to changes in particle’s magnetic, optical, and electrical properties
* possess special size-dependent properties such as color, fluorescence, melting point, and chemical reactivity which can be used for plenty of purposes
Nanomaterials have unique properties
Benefits of nanotechnology in ___________:
* has developed and can have promising contributions in diagnostics, drug delivery, molecular imaging, and tissue welding among others — LAB-ON-A-CHIP
Medicine
- made up of a clear silicone microfluidic chamber
- developed by researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine
- provide faster, cheaper, and far more accurate results than any other available diagnostic equipment
LAB-ON-A-CHIP
- Dr Robert Haddon used this as a material scaffolding to hold up regenerating bone
- could lead to:
- improved flexibility and strength of artificial bone
- new types of bond grafts
- advancement for methods for osteoporosis
SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
_____________ used single-walled carbon nanotubes as a material scaffolding to hold up regenerating bone
Dr Robert Haddon
- Generated from iron oxide nanoparticles by Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology (CBEN)
- can be used as waste treatment and water purification
FERROXANE MEMBRANE
Catalysts that can significantly reduce the polluting by-products generated in the production of paints, household detergents and automotive brake fluids
SILVER NANOCLUSTERS
Heterogenous materials comprising multiple different phase domains
nano composites
Exhibit good gas-barrier properties, barrier properties against visible and UV light
Nano composites
Brighter, thinner, lighter, flexible, easier to produce, can be made to larger sizes, and consume less power
Organic light-emitting diodes
Able to “boot” almost instantly, can quickly and effectively save data during a system shutdown
Magnetic random access memory
Forming conductive lines, and print prototype circuit boards
Silver nanoparticle ink
____________ is not widely available to many people around the world
energy
- Nobel laureate
- have said that energy tops the list of the top 10 problems facing humanity over the next 50 years
Richard E. Smalley
Key to achieving a sustainable energy future
Advances in nanotechnology
- Improved storage capacity
- increased lifespan and find use in electric vehicles
Nano optimized lithium-ion batteries
- photovoltaic cells that convert any visible light into electrical energy
- make use of sensitizers with a broad absorption band coupled with nanocrystalline titanium oxide
- imitate the process of photosynthesis in green plants
Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) or Gratzel Cells
- added to modern automobile tires as reinforcing filler
- increasing tire strength and longevity
- reduce rolling resistance which leads to fuel savings up to 10%
Nanoscale carbon black
- causes significant damage to the human body and environment
- increased chemical activity because of greater surface area than bulk particles
toxicity
- determines toxicity of nanomaterial
- minor changes in ________ could heavily change its properties
chemical structure
- lack of information and methods that identify nanomaterial
nanoparticle analysis method
- exposure risk, probability of exposure, toxicological analysis, transport risk, transformation risk, ability to recycle
full-risk safety assessment on human health and environment
- used to predict environmental impact
life cycle risk assessment
- reduced the production of material waste
good experimental design in manufacturing
- may be emitted directly to air from source
mobility
- many are soluble to water and are difficult to separate if inappropriately handled
nanotechnology
Other risks concerns of nanotechnology:
* mobility
* solubility
* _______________?
Disposal of nanoparticles
3 ethical and societal concerns about nanotechnology
- Intellectual Property/Secrecy
- Legitimacy of scientific results
- Privacy issues
4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology
- The challenge of technological development
- The challenge of technological foresight
- the challenge of credibility and understanding
- The challenge formulating public policy
4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology:
Control over the structure of matter
The challenge of technological development
4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology:
Sense of lower bounds of future possibilities
The challenge of technological foresight
4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology:
Clearer understanding of what these technological possibilities
the challenge of credibility and understanding
4 challenges in dealing with development, impact, and effect of nanotechnology:
Formulating policies based on understanding
The challenge formulating public policy
- full life-cycle analysis of nanotechnology products
- risk management
- scientific experimentation
- establishing regulatory systems
- reevaluation of existing regulating systems
methods to address the negative implications of nanotechnology
- established at Rice University in Houston, Texas in 2004
- To develop and communicate information regarding the potential risks of nanotechnology
- worked with the academe industry, government, and NGO’s
International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON)
In August 2005, they successfully created a database that focused on the environmental, health, and safety implications of nanotechnology
International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON)
In _______, the International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON) successfully created a database that focused on the environmental, health, and safety implications of nanotechnology
August 2005
- a U.S. government research and development (R&D) initiative
- consists of 20 federal departments and agencies
- observe policies in the manufacture and use of nanomaterials
- promoted the responsible development of nanotech: (A) Environment, (B) health and safety implications, (C) ethical, legal, and societal issues
National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
Weighing the pros and cons of nanotechnology is not simple. But the key step to this is to have a ______________________________
COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING
