Historical Antecedents of Science, Technology and Society Flashcards
1
Q
What Latin word does ‘science’ originate from?
A
scientia
2
Q
Science comes from the Latin word scientia, what does it mean?
A
Knowledge
3
Q
A discovery of regularity in nature (principles and law of natural phenomena) - J.Heilbron (2003)
A
Science
4
Q
A systemized body of knowledge based on facts, observation, and experimentation
A
Science
5
Q
Technology comes from what Greek word?
A
Techne
6
Q
Technology comes from the Greek word techne, what does it mean?
A
Art or skill
7
Q
Application of scientific knowledge
A
Technology
8
Q
______ and ____ indeed play a major role in everyday life
A
Science and Technology
9
Q
- make complicated tasks easier
- allows people to do more with so little time
A
Science and technology
10
Q
One of the most significant development of science and technology
A
Transporation
11
Q
- allows people to go places and discover new horizons
- for food and to find better locations to settle
- to trade their surplus goods in exchange for the things they lacked
A
Transportion
12
Q
Assisted the people in their journeys
A
Navigation
13
Q
Facilitates trade and prevent conflicts
A
Communication
14
Q
- to remember the places they had been to
- to document the trades they made
- so they could establish their identities as they tried to related with other cultures and civilization
A
Record keeping
15
Q
- higher number of nations = higher demand for food and necessities
- people need to produce their needs using limited resources
A
Mass production
16
Q
- use of weapons and armors (development of these are considered as their major achievements.)
- to prevent common conflicts especially in different groups or cultures
A
Security and protection
17
Q
- “conservation of life”
- given this predicament, science and technology played a major role in discovery of cures and prevention of illnesses
A
Health
18
Q
- focuses on the construction (transportation, establishments for protection, different infrastructures.)
- addresses their specific needs and wants
A
Engineering
19
Q
Known as the first writing system
A
Cuneiform
20
Q
A system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments
A
Cuneiform
21
Q
Allowed Sumerians to keep records with historical value
A
Cuneiform
22
Q
*Irrigation and Dikes
A
Mesopotamian Civilization
23
Q
Through the use of ____, water was supplied in the (Mesopotamian civilization) city
A
Irrigation canals and dikes
24
Q
- Surface water came from the Euphrates and Tigris River
- Considered as one of the world’s most beneficial engineering works
A
Irrigation and Dikes
25
What civilization started the irrigation and dikes, sailboats, water mill, wheels, the plow, roads?
Mesopotamian Civilization
26
* does not need much human resource
* essential in transportation and trading as well as fostering culture, information, and technology
Sailboat
27
* commonly used in agricultural process like milling grains for food processing
* rice, cereals, and flours
* less time and effort to operate
Water mill
28
The first wheels were (not or is) made for transporation
Not
29
Wheels were first used in _____
3500 BC
30
* created in 3000 BCE
* advantages of using the plow in farming
The plow
31
____ developed the first roads.
* they developed roads with the same technology that they used in making the sun-baked bricks that they laid on the grounds.
* the invention of roads was very useful especially when raining seasons
Sumerians
32
Located in North Africa. Aside from Engineering technology, they have contributed other practical things in the world now considers as essential
Egyptian civilization
33
Before the Egyptian civilization, clay tablets were used to write, but they were too heavy and break so the Egyptians used ______
Paper or *papyrus*
34
Made from wood smoke and animal fat, thickened with gelatin from skins or different chemicals to produce inks of different colors. It must withstand the element of nature and tamper proof
Ink
35
System of writing of egyptian
Hieroglyphics
36
* system of writing using symbols
* egyptian believed that this writing system was provided by their gods
Hieroglyphics
37
* The language that tells the modern world of the history and culture of the ancient egyptians
* most commonly seen inside the pyramids
Hieroglyphics
38
* used for both health and aesthetic reasons
* egyptians wore kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases
* protection from evil and a sign of holiness
cosmetics
39
* worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes
* used to protect the shaved heads of the wealth egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun
* considered cleaner than natural hair
wig
40
Invented by the Roman civilization
* utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other
* the amount of water remaining determines how much time has elapsed since full
Water clock/clepsydra
41
* known as the birthplace of western philosophy and mathematics
* contributed much to the world especially in the fields of science and technology
greek civilization
42
* invented by the ancient greeks
* purpose to stop or when to stop and individual
* Plato utilized this to signal the start of his lecture
* used 4 water vessels lined up vertically
Alarm clock
43
* one of the major contribution of the the romans
Newspapers
44
Contain announcement of the roman empire to the people
Gazettes
45
Stone tables or metal then to paper
Roman civilization newspaper
46
* paper -> easier for civilizations
* documenting historical events and newly legislated laws
* literature
Bound books or codex
47
Papyrus = pages of books
animal skin = cover of books
Bound books or codex
48
One of the most visual contribution of the ancient Roman Empire continuing the legacy of the greek architecture due to its resemblances
Roman architecture
49
* considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world
* famous among other ancient civilizations because of its silk trade
* not a great amount was written about the ancient time of this civilization due to its distance from the other civilization
Chinese Civilization
50
* naturally produced by silk worms
* the chinese were the ones who developed the technology to harvest the silk and process it to produce paper and clothing
* trade of this bridged the gap between the western and the middle kingdom
Silk
51
* originally focused at a goal to create an elixir that can be used or cause immortality but instead it became the source of bullet propellant for most gun weaponry and fireworks to date
Black-powder
52
This is a chinese official working in the imperial court during the Han dynasty and is attributed with the invention of paper
Cai Lun (202 BCE - 220 CE)
53
After the battle of talas in 751 CE, during which the chinese were defeated, two chinese prisoners are believed to have leaked the secret to making paper. A ____ was soon established, and many refinements were made to the process
paper mill
54
Period of time of history of new systems, warfare, education, and religious conflicts
Medieval
55
3 periods of medieval period
* dark ages/early middle ages (401-1000AD/CE)
* high middle ages (1001-1300AD/CE)
* late middle ages (1301-1500AD/CE)
56
* were used to harness the power of the wind to generate useful energy for humans
* also used to pump water from a well and traditionally used for processing grains
* nowadays, modern ____ turn wind energy into electrical power
Water and windmills
57
Derived from the *Italian* words quaranta giorni
Quarantine
58
*quaranta* means?
40 days
59
* separates and restricts the movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick
* function of this is to stop or limit the spread of disease
Quarantine
60
A machine by which text and images are transferred to paper or other media by means of ink, using a method known as **block printing** , in which wooden blocks are coated with ink and pressed to sheets of paper
Printing press
61
Instead of using wood blocks, ____ used metal instead for printing press
Gutenberg
62
This became known as a "moveable type machine," since the metal block letters could be moved around to create new words and sentences
Printing press
63
Gutenburg made the very first printed book, which was naturally a reproduction of the ____
Bible
64
* medium of exchange
* store of value
* unit of account
Paper money
65
Use for transaction-related purposes of goods and services
Medium of exchange
66
Money must hold its value over time, in order to be a medium of exchange
Store of value
67
Providing common measure of the value of goods and services
Unit of account
68
* to improve the vision of people who have vision problems
* corrects the focus of the eyes
* helps us to see better
Eyeglasses
69
* invented between the 1280s AD and 1300 AD in Italy
* there is no evidence that exists to prove who is the original inventor
Eyeglasses
70
Medieval ____ are not easy to wear - either to hold them while using it or exerting pressure on the nose to keep them in place
Eyeglasses
71
* device used to determine the cardinal points of the Earth, namely north, south, east, and west
* device was vitally important to sailors, and navigators since the days of classical antiquity
Compass
72
Establishments that primarily serve coffee. Serve as hubs for exchanging ideas and conducting business in the middle ages
Coffee house
73
Parts of mechanical clock
* source of energy that can produce rotary motion
* a regulator
* a display
74
a pendulum measures time precisely and without variations. the escapement system, linked to the pendulum, enables control of the rate of energy release
A regulator of mechanical clock
75
Graduations and needles ("hands") provide access to the measured information
A display of the mechanical clock
76
Function of heavy plough
* to turn and break up soil
* to bury crop residues
* to help control weed growth
77
Turned European agriculture and economy on its best
Heavy plough
78
Used in today grenades, rockets, guns, etc. Usually used for military purposes to defend our country
Gun powder
79
Inventor of LED light in 1962
Nick Holonyak
80
Semiconductor device made up of gallium arsenide phosphide that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. The output can range from red to blue-violet according to its wavelength
LED light
81
Originally discovered as an option for general lighting. Also to reduce the need for reflectors and diffusers that can trap light
LED light
82
Invented by Raymond Vahan Damadian
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scanner
83
Who invented the MRI scanner
Raymond Vahan Damadian
84
Radiologic way of forming images of the anatomy and physiological processes of the human body in both health and disease
MRI scanner
85
Damadian used the concept of NMR which uses magnetic field gradients and creates 2D images. He adjusted specific frequencies and used sensitive point in spatial localization to obtain 3D imaging
MRI scanner
86
Need for the development of MRI
Further knowledge and early detection of cancer cells
87
Inventor of telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
88
Device that converts sound and electrical waves into audible relays, and is used for communication
Telephone
89
In researching ways to teach the deaf, he experimented with transmitting sound via electricity. he applied for a form of patent on march 7, 1876. 3 days later, he performed a demonstration of the new device, speaking the words, "_____"
"Mr. Watson, come here, I want you"
90
Why is there a need for discovery of telephone at that time?
Helped improve communication between people at a distance
91
Who invented touch sensitive devices?
Samuel G. Hurst
92
For the evolution of handheld devices
Touch sensitive devices
93
Used electrically conductive paper to read a pair of x- and y-coordinates.
Led to the first touch screen for a computer
94
Why is there a need for the discovery of touch sensitive devices
For Hurst's students to compute in a few hours what otherwise had taken days to accomplish
95
Who invented the credit card?
Frank McNamara
96
Allows you to borrow cash
Credit card
97
How was credit cart discovered/invented?
When McNamara forgot his wallet at a dinner in a restaurant
98
Need for the invention of credit card
So that a costumer can eat without bringing money
99
Who invented the bicycle
Comte de Several
100
Function: swiftwalker
Bicycle
101
It was like a scooter with wooden wheels and you pushed it with your fee. You also stopped it with your feet
Bicycle
102
Need for the invention of bicycle
People could get around faster and not have use horses. could get you to places quicker
103
Who invented bionic arm (bioprosthetics)
david glow
104
Gives replacement to arm to those who lost their arm from an accident, disease, or war
Bionic arm (bioprosthetics)
105
Need for the discovery of bionic arm
Makes amputees "feel" normal, and live more forgiving than having no arms which is a very important part of our body
106
Inventor of Benz Patent Motorwagon
Karl Benz
107
Purpose of Benz Patent Motorwagon
Transportation
108
Why is there a need for Benz Patent Motorwagon
Because previous automobiles are slow and can easily overheat so that is why he made a car that has an electrical ignition, water-cooled internal combustion engine, and different gear
109
Who invented 3d printing
Chuck W. Hull (1984)
110
Turns digital files containing 3d data - whether created on a CAD or CAM program, or from a 3D scanner - into **physical objects**
3d printing
111
How was 3d printing invented
Chuck hit on the idea to take advantage of UV technology to make small prototypes
112
Inventor of WWW?
Tim Berners Lee
113
An information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the internet
World wide web
114
Inventor of transatlantic telegram
Guglielmo Marconi
115
First long-distance wireless communication and it is a wireless or radio
Transatlantic telegram
116
Inventors of Wi-Fi
John O' Sullivan, Terrence Percival, Diethelm Ostry, John Deane, Graham Daniels
117
Technology that uses radio waves to provide network connectivity
Wi-Fi
