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STS > Historical Antecedents of Science, Technology and Society > Flashcards

Historical Antecedents of Science, Technology and Society Flashcards

1
Q

What Latin word does ‘science’ originate from?

A

scientia

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2
Q

Science comes from the Latin word scientia, what does it mean?

A

Knowledge

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3
Q

A discovery of regularity in nature (principles and law of natural phenomena) - J.Heilbron (2003)

A

Science

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4
Q

A systemized body of knowledge based on facts, observation, and experimentation

A

Science

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5
Q

Technology comes from what Greek word?

A

Techne

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6
Q

Technology comes from the Greek word techne, what does it mean?

A

Art or skill

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7
Q

Application of scientific knowledge

A

Technology

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8
Q

______ and ____ indeed play a major role in everyday life

A

Science and Technology

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9
Q
  • make complicated tasks easier
  • allows people to do more with so little time
A

Science and technology

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10
Q

One of the most significant development of science and technology

A

Transporation

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11
Q
  • allows people to go places and discover new horizons
  • for food and to find better locations to settle
  • to trade their surplus goods in exchange for the things they lacked
A

Transportion

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12
Q

Assisted the people in their journeys

A

Navigation

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13
Q

Facilitates trade and prevent conflicts

A

Communication

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14
Q
  • to remember the places they had been to
  • to document the trades they made
  • so they could establish their identities as they tried to related with other cultures and civilization
A

Record keeping

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15
Q
  • higher number of nations = higher demand for food and necessities
  • people need to produce their needs using limited resources
A

Mass production

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16
Q
  • use of weapons and armors (development of these are considered as their major achievements.)
  • to prevent common conflicts especially in different groups or cultures
A

Security and protection

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17
Q
  • “conservation of life”
  • given this predicament, science and technology played a major role in discovery of cures and prevention of illnesses
A

Health

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18
Q
  • focuses on the construction (transportation, establishments for protection, different infrastructures.)
  • addresses their specific needs and wants
A

Engineering

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19
Q

Known as the first writing system

A

Cuneiform

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20
Q

A system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments

A

Cuneiform

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21
Q

Allowed Sumerians to keep records with historical value

A

Cuneiform

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22
Q

*Irrigation and Dikes

A

Mesopotamian Civilization

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23
Q

Through the use of ____, water was supplied in the (Mesopotamian civilization) city

A

Irrigation canals and dikes

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24
Q
  • Surface water came from the Euphrates and Tigris River
  • Considered as one of the world’s most beneficial engineering works
A

Irrigation and Dikes

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25
Q

What civilization started the irrigation and dikes, sailboats, water mill, wheels, the plow, roads?

A

Mesopotamian Civilization

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26
Q
  • does not need much human resource
  • essential in transportation and trading as well as fostering culture, information, and technology
A

Sailboat

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27
Q
  • commonly used in agricultural process like milling grains for food processing
  • rice, cereals, and flours
  • less time and effort to operate
A

Water mill

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28
Q

The first wheels were (not or is) made for transporation

A

Not

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29
Q

Wheels were first used in _____

A

3500 BC

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30
Q
  • created in 3000 BCE
  • advantages of using the plow in farming
A

The plow

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31
Q

____ developed the first roads.
* they developed roads with the same technology that they used in making the sun-baked bricks that they laid on the grounds.
* the invention of roads was very useful especially when raining seasons

A

Sumerians

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32
Q

Located in North Africa. Aside from Engineering technology, they have contributed other practical things in the world now considers as essential

A

Egyptian civilization

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33
Q

Before the Egyptian civilization, clay tablets were used to write, but they were too heavy and break so the Egyptians used ______

A

Paper or papyrus

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34
Q

Made from wood smoke and animal fat, thickened with gelatin from skins or different chemicals to produce inks of different colors. It must withstand the element of nature and tamper proof

A

Ink

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35
Q

System of writing of egyptian

A

Hieroglyphics

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36
Q
  • system of writing using symbols
  • egyptian believed that this writing system was provided by their gods
A

Hieroglyphics

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37
Q
  • The language that tells the modern world of the history and culture of the ancient egyptians
  • most commonly seen inside the pyramids
A

Hieroglyphics

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38
Q
  • used for both health and aesthetic reasons
  • egyptians wore kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases
  • protection from evil and a sign of holiness
A

cosmetics

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39
Q
  • worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes
  • used to protect the shaved heads of the wealth egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun
  • considered cleaner than natural hair
A

wig

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40
Q

Invented by the Roman civilization
* utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other
* the amount of water remaining determines how much time has elapsed since full

A

Water clock/clepsydra

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41
Q
  • known as the birthplace of western philosophy and mathematics
  • contributed much to the world especially in the fields of science and technology
A

greek civilization

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42
Q
  • invented by the ancient greeks
  • purpose to stop or when to stop and individual
  • Plato utilized this to signal the start of his lecture
  • used 4 water vessels lined up vertically
A

Alarm clock

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43
Q
  • one of the major contribution of the the romans
A

Newspapers

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44
Q

Contain announcement of the roman empire to the people

A

Gazettes

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45
Q

Stone tables or metal then to paper

A

Roman civilization newspaper

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46
Q
  • paper -> easier for civilizations
  • documenting historical events and newly legislated laws
  • literature
A

Bound books or codex

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47
Q

Papyrus = pages of books
animal skin = cover of books

A

Bound books or codex

48
Q

One of the most visual contribution of the ancient Roman Empire continuing the legacy of the greek architecture due to its resemblances

A

Roman architecture

49
Q
  • considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world
  • famous among other ancient civilizations because of its silk trade
  • not a great amount was written about the ancient time of this civilization due to its distance from the other civilization
A

Chinese Civilization

50
Q
  • naturally produced by silk worms
  • the chinese were the ones who developed the technology to harvest the silk and process it to produce paper and clothing
  • trade of this bridged the gap between the western and the middle kingdom
A

Silk

51
Q
  • originally focused at a goal to create an elixir that can be used or cause immortality but instead it became the source of bullet propellant for most gun weaponry and fireworks to date
A

Black-powder

52
Q

This is a chinese official working in the imperial court during the Han dynasty and is attributed with the invention of paper

A

Cai Lun (202 BCE - 220 CE)

53
Q

After the battle of talas in 751 CE, during which the chinese were defeated, two chinese prisoners are believed to have leaked the secret to making paper. A ____ was soon established, and many refinements were made to the process

A

paper mill

54
Q

Period of time of history of new systems, warfare, education, and religious conflicts

A

Medieval

55
Q

3 periods of medieval period

A
  • dark ages/early middle ages (401-1000AD/CE)
  • high middle ages (1001-1300AD/CE)
  • late middle ages (1301-1500AD/CE)
56
Q
  • were used to harness the power of the wind to generate useful energy for humans
  • also used to pump water from a well and traditionally used for processing grains
  • nowadays, modern ____ turn wind energy into electrical power
A

Water and windmills

57
Q

Derived from the Italian words quaranta giorni

A

Quarantine

58
Q

quaranta means?

A

40 days

59
Q
  • separates and restricts the movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick
  • function of this is to stop or limit the spread of disease
A

Quarantine

60
Q

A machine by which text and images are transferred to paper or other media by means of ink, using a method known as block printing , in which wooden blocks are coated with ink and pressed to sheets of paper

A

Printing press

61
Q

Instead of using wood blocks, ____ used metal instead for printing press

A

Gutenberg

62
Q

This became known as a “moveable type machine,” since the metal block letters could be moved around to create new words and sentences

A

Printing press

63
Q

Gutenburg made the very first printed book, which was naturally a reproduction of the ____

A

Bible

64
Q
  • medium of exchange
  • store of value
  • unit of account
A

Paper money

65
Q

Use for transaction-related purposes of goods and services

A

Medium of exchange

66
Q

Money must hold its value over time, in order to be a medium of exchange

A

Store of value

67
Q

Providing common measure of the value of goods and services

A

Unit of account

68
Q
  • to improve the vision of people who have vision problems
  • corrects the focus of the eyes
  • helps us to see better
A

Eyeglasses

69
Q
  • invented between the 1280s AD and 1300 AD in Italy
  • there is no evidence that exists to prove who is the original inventor
A

Eyeglasses

70
Q

Medieval ____ are not easy to wear - either to hold them while using it or exerting pressure on the nose to keep them in place

A

Eyeglasses

71
Q
  • device used to determine the cardinal points of the Earth, namely north, south, east, and west
  • device was vitally important to sailors, and navigators since the days of classical antiquity
A

Compass

72
Q

Establishments that primarily serve coffee. Serve as hubs for exchanging ideas and conducting business in the middle ages

A

Coffee house

73
Q

Parts of mechanical clock

A
  • source of energy that can produce rotary motion
  • a regulator
  • a display
74
Q

a pendulum measures time precisely and without variations. the escapement system, linked to the pendulum, enables control of the rate of energy release

A

A regulator of mechanical clock

75
Q

Graduations and needles (“hands”) provide access to the measured information

A

A display of the mechanical clock

76
Q

Function of heavy plough

A
  • to turn and break up soil
  • to bury crop residues
  • to help control weed growth
77
Q

Turned European agriculture and economy on its best

A

Heavy plough

78
Q

Used in today grenades, rockets, guns, etc. Usually used for military purposes to defend our country

A

Gun powder

79
Q

Inventor of LED light in 1962

A

Nick Holonyak

80
Q

Semiconductor device made up of gallium arsenide phosphide that emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. The output can range from red to blue-violet according to its wavelength

A

LED light

81
Q

Originally discovered as an option for general lighting. Also to reduce the need for reflectors and diffusers that can trap light

A

LED light

82
Q

Invented by Raymond Vahan Damadian

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scanner

83
Q

Who invented the MRI scanner

A

Raymond Vahan Damadian

84
Q

Radiologic way of forming images of the anatomy and physiological processes of the human body in both health and disease

A

MRI scanner

85
Q

Damadian used the concept of NMR which uses magnetic field gradients and creates 2D images. He adjusted specific frequencies and used sensitive point in spatial localization to obtain 3D imaging

A

MRI scanner

86
Q

Need for the development of MRI

A

Further knowledge and early detection of cancer cells

87
Q

Inventor of telephone

A

Alexander Graham Bell

88
Q

Device that converts sound and electrical waves into audible relays, and is used for communication

A

Telephone

89
Q

In researching ways to teach the deaf, he experimented with transmitting sound via electricity. he applied for a form of patent on march 7, 1876. 3 days later, he performed a demonstration of the new device, speaking the words, “_____”

A

“Mr. Watson, come here, I want you”

90
Q

Why is there a need for discovery of telephone at that time?

A

Helped improve communication between people at a distance

91
Q

Who invented touch sensitive devices?

A

Samuel G. Hurst

92
Q

For the evolution of handheld devices

A

Touch sensitive devices

93
Q

Used electrically conductive paper to read a pair of x- and y-coordinates.

A

Led to the first touch screen for a computer

94
Q

Why is there a need for the discovery of touch sensitive devices

A

For Hurst’s students to compute in a few hours what otherwise had taken days to accomplish

95
Q

Who invented the credit card?

A

Frank McNamara

96
Q

Allows you to borrow cash

A

Credit card

97
Q

How was credit cart discovered/invented?

A

When McNamara forgot his wallet at a dinner in a restaurant

98
Q

Need for the invention of credit card

A

So that a costumer can eat without bringing money

99
Q

Who invented the bicycle

A

Comte de Several

100
Q

Function: swiftwalker

A

Bicycle

101
Q

It was like a scooter with wooden wheels and you pushed it with your fee. You also stopped it with your feet

A

Bicycle

102
Q

Need for the invention of bicycle

A

People could get around faster and not have use horses. could get you to places quicker

103
Q

Who invented bionic arm (bioprosthetics)

A

david glow

104
Q

Gives replacement to arm to those who lost their arm from an accident, disease, or war

A

Bionic arm (bioprosthetics)

105
Q

Need for the discovery of bionic arm

A

Makes amputees “feel” normal, and live more forgiving than having no arms which is a very important part of our body

106
Q

Inventor of Benz Patent Motorwagon

A

Karl Benz

107
Q

Purpose of Benz Patent Motorwagon

A

Transportation

108
Q

Why is there a need for Benz Patent Motorwagon

A

Because previous automobiles are slow and can easily overheat so that is why he made a car that has an electrical ignition, water-cooled internal combustion engine, and different gear

109
Q

Who invented 3d printing

A

Chuck W. Hull (1984)

110
Q

Turns digital files containing 3d data - whether created on a CAD or CAM program, or from a 3D scanner - into physical objects

A

3d printing

111
Q

How was 3d printing invented

A

Chuck hit on the idea to take advantage of UV technology to make small prototypes

112
Q

Inventor of WWW?

A

Tim Berners Lee

113
Q

An information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the internet

A

World wide web

114
Q

Inventor of transatlantic telegram

A

Guglielmo Marconi

115
Q

First long-distance wireless communication and it is a wireless or radio

A

Transatlantic telegram

116
Q

Inventors of Wi-Fi

A

John O’ Sullivan, Terrence Percival, Diethelm Ostry, John Deane, Graham Daniels

117
Q

Technology that uses radio waves to provide network connectivity

A

Wi-Fi

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