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STS > Intellectual Revolution > Flashcards

Intellectual Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

A knowledge involving general truths and general laws that is taken from a systematic study which is concerned with evidences and theories

A

Science

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2
Q
  • focuses on the natural world
  • foes through experiments
  • relies on evidence
  • passes through the scientific community
A

Common characteristics of science

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3
Q
  • means to fulfill a human purpose
    *assemblage of practices and components
  • collection of devices and engineering practices available to culture
A

Technology

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4
Q

Main idea: Thought that people should use knowledge to improve themselves. They belied there was absolute right or wrong

A

Sophists

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5
Q

Important contribution: Developed the art of public speaking and debate

A

Sophists

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6
Q

The importance of public speaking can be seen today in political debates between candidates

A

Sophists

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7
Q

He was a critic of the Sophists. Believed there is an absolute right or wrong

A

Socrates

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8
Q

Created the socratic method of teaching (learning new things simply by asking questions and considering diff. options)

A

Socrates

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9
Q

His methods influenced the way teachers interact with their students

A

Socrates

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10
Q

Rejected the idea of democracy of as a form of govt. Believed that the philosopher-kings should rule

A

Plato

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11
Q

Described his ideal vision of how government works in his book Republic

A

Plato

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12
Q

Introduced the idea that the govt should be fair and just

A

Plato

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13
Q

Taught his students that happiness was the goal in life

A

Epicureans

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14
Q

The way to be happy was to seek out continual physical pleasures. It also mean a life free from worry and, to some extent, responsibility

A

Epicureans

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15
Q

Today, ____ means the love of physical pleasures such as good food and comfortable surroundings

A

Epicureans

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16
Q

Stoics was started by a Phoenician named ____

A

Zeno

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17
Q

Started by a Phoenician named Zeno. Taught that happiness came from following reason, not emotions

A

Stoics

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18
Q

Emotions come and go and are unreliable. Using reason and being stable is superior as it leads to fewer bad times

A

Stoics

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19
Q

Today ____ is used to describe ppl who are not greatly affected by joy or grief. They put duty above feelings

A

Stoics

20
Q

4 challenge of science

A
  • copernican revolution
  • darwinian revolution
  • freudian revolution
  • information age
21
Q

What is the Copernican Theory

A

Heliocentrism

22
Q

Who proposed the Copernican Theory

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

23
Q

Ptolemaic System

A

Geocentric model

24
Q

Who proposed the Ptolemaic System

A

Claudius Ptolemy

25
Q

What prevented Nicolaus Copernicus to publish his work on Heliocentrism?

A

The church

26
Q

Who proved Copernicus’ Heliocentrism Theory, and how?

A

Galileo Galilei, through his telescope

27
Q
  • Man came from God
  • Man has soul
  • Man falls away
  • Man can live above his environment
  • God created the heavens and the Earth
  • Man’s morals are governed by God
A

Bible Teaches

28
Q
  • Man came from animals
  • man is a wholly matter
  • the history of man shows an upward tendency
  • man is a product of his natural environment
  • the “universe” happened, a “big bang theory” is plausible
  • man’s morals depend upon animal instinct
A

Evolution teaches

29
Q

Freudian Revolution

A
  • Psychoanalysis
  • the personality
  • psychosexual stages of development
30
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development:

A
  • Oral (0-2)
  • Anal (2-3)
  • Phallic (3-7)
  • Latency (7-11)
  • Genital (11-adult)
31
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: Infant achieves gratification through oral activities such as feeding, thumb sucking and babbling

A

Oral

32
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: child learns to respond to some of the demands of society (such as bowel and bladder control).

A

Anal (2-3)

33
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: Child learns to realize the differences between males and females and become aware of sexuality

A

Phallic (3-7)

34
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: Child continues his or her development but sexual urges are relatively quiet

A

Latency (7-11)

35
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: growing adolescent shakes off old dependencies and learns to deal maturely with the opposite sex

A

Genital (11 - adult)

36
Q
  • person’s development is determined by events in early childhood
  • human behavior is largely influenced by irrational drives (unconscious)
A

Psychoanalysis

37
Q

The model of the mind

A
  • the conscious
  • the subconscious
  • the unconscious
  • id
38
Q

The small amnt of mental activity we know abt

A

the conscious (thoughts, perceptions)

39
Q

Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried

A

The subconscious (memories, stored knowledge)

40
Q

Things we are unaware of and can not become aware of

A

The unconscious (instincts - sexual or aggressive.)

41
Q

The part of the unconscious mind and comprises of two instincts: eros and thanatos

A

Id

42
Q

Comprises of
* fears
* unacceptable desires
* violent motives
* irrational wishes
* immoral urges
* selfish needs
* shameful experiences
* traumatic experiences

A

Id

43
Q
  • Freud believed human behavior resulted from the interaction of 3 important parts of the personality. These are?
A
  • id
  • ego
  • super ego
44
Q

These parts of personality have all the mind levels

A

Ego, superego

45
Q

The only part of personality that has the unconscious level

A

Id

46
Q

Effects of Science and Technology to society

A
  • industrialization
  • commercialization
  • improved economy
  • change in all aspects of human life

STS (10 decks)

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