Intellectual Revolution Flashcards
A knowledge involving general truths and general laws that is taken from a systematic study which is concerned with evidences and theories
Science
- focuses on the natural world
- foes through experiments
- relies on evidence
- passes through the scientific community
Common characteristics of science
- means to fulfill a human purpose
*assemblage of practices and components - collection of devices and engineering practices available to culture
Technology
Main idea: Thought that people should use knowledge to improve themselves. They belied there was absolute right or wrong
Sophists
Important contribution: Developed the art of public speaking and debate
Sophists
The importance of public speaking can be seen today in political debates between candidates
Sophists
He was a critic of the Sophists. Believed there is an absolute right or wrong
Socrates
Created the socratic method of teaching (learning new things simply by asking questions and considering diff. options)
Socrates
His methods influenced the way teachers interact with their students
Socrates
Rejected the idea of democracy of as a form of govt. Believed that the philosopher-kings should rule
Plato
Described his ideal vision of how government works in his book Republic
Plato
Introduced the idea that the govt should be fair and just
Plato
Taught his students that happiness was the goal in life
Epicureans
The way to be happy was to seek out continual physical pleasures. It also mean a life free from worry and, to some extent, responsibility
Epicureans
Today, ____ means the love of physical pleasures such as good food and comfortable surroundings
Epicureans
Stoics was started by a Phoenician named ____
Zeno
Started by a Phoenician named Zeno. Taught that happiness came from following reason, not emotions
Stoics
Emotions come and go and are unreliable. Using reason and being stable is superior as it leads to fewer bad times
Stoics
Today ____ is used to describe ppl who are not greatly affected by joy or grief. They put duty above feelings
Stoics
4 challenge of science
- copernican revolution
- darwinian revolution
- freudian revolution
- information age
What is the Copernican Theory
Heliocentrism
Who proposed the Copernican Theory
Nicolaus Copernicus
Ptolemaic System
Geocentric model
Who proposed the Ptolemaic System
Claudius Ptolemy
What prevented Nicolaus Copernicus to publish his work on Heliocentrism?
The church
Who proved Copernicus’ Heliocentrism Theory, and how?
Galileo Galilei, through his telescope
- Man came from God
- Man has soul
- Man falls away
- Man can live above his environment
- God created the heavens and the Earth
- Man’s morals are governed by God
Bible Teaches
- Man came from animals
- man is a wholly matter
- the history of man shows an upward tendency
- man is a product of his natural environment
- the “universe” happened, a “big bang theory” is plausible
- man’s morals depend upon animal instinct
Evolution teaches
Freudian Revolution
- Psychoanalysis
- the personality
- psychosexual stages of development
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development:
- Oral (0-2)
- Anal (2-3)
- Phallic (3-7)
- Latency (7-11)
- Genital (11-adult)
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: Infant achieves gratification through oral activities such as feeding, thumb sucking and babbling
Oral
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: child learns to respond to some of the demands of society (such as bowel and bladder control).
Anal (2-3)
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: Child learns to realize the differences between males and females and become aware of sexuality
Phallic (3-7)
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: Child continues his or her development but sexual urges are relatively quiet
Latency (7-11)
Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development: growing adolescent shakes off old dependencies and learns to deal maturely with the opposite sex
Genital (11 - adult)
- person’s development is determined by events in early childhood
- human behavior is largely influenced by irrational drives (unconscious)
Psychoanalysis
The model of the mind
- the conscious
- the subconscious
- the unconscious
- id
The small amnt of mental activity we know abt
the conscious (thoughts, perceptions)
Things we could be aware of if we wanted or tried
The subconscious (memories, stored knowledge)
Things we are unaware of and can not become aware of
The unconscious (instincts - sexual or aggressive.)
The part of the unconscious mind and comprises of two instincts: eros and thanatos
Id
Comprises of
* fears
* unacceptable desires
* violent motives
* irrational wishes
* immoral urges
* selfish needs
* shameful experiences
* traumatic experiences
Id
- Freud believed human behavior resulted from the interaction of 3 important parts of the personality. These are?
- id
- ego
- super ego
These parts of personality have all the mind levels
Ego, superego
The only part of personality that has the unconscious level
Id
Effects of Science and Technology to society
- industrialization
- commercialization
- improved economy
- change in all aspects of human life
