Biodiversity and GMO Flashcards
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
biodiversity
Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the ____________
equator
Consists 90% of the world species
tropical rainforests
Found along coasts of Western Pacific
Marine biodiversity
Threats in biodiversity is also a threat to ______
human health
also referred to the number or abundance of different species living within a particular region
biodiversity
A healthy environment ______ the needs of human
supports
- Maintaining balance of the ecosystem
- Provision of biological resources
- Social benefits
Function of biodiversity
- Biodiversity provides food and medicine
- Biodiversity can aid ecosystem stability
- Biodiversity and culture
Importance of biodiversity in human life
According to __________, biodiversity in the philippines is in crisis
Sara Soliven De Guzman (PhilStar)
Our biodiversity is in crisis as our people have exploited too much _______, ________, and ______
flora, fauna, and marine life
- unrich or loss of biodiversity
- maleducation
- unhealthy lifestyle
- overuse and misuse of technology
- medication abuse
- unhealthy eating habits
- pollution
problems/issues in health of society
5 effects of the threat to biodiversity?
- Threat to existing
- Increase contact with disease
- More unpredictable weather
- Loss of livelihood
- Losing sight of nature
The effect of this is the narrowing of the world’s livestock population. They are also becoming more susceptible to disease, drought, and changes in climate
Threat to existing
The loss of biodiversity has two major affects on human health and the spread of disease
increase contact with disease
Indeed, unseasonable weather and extreme weather is a huge problem which leads too destruction and displacement
More unpredictable weather
biodiversity is essential for maintaining livelihoods. Taking an example, when ocean ecosystems collapse, entire communities built on the plenty they provide lose their means of employment as well
loss of livelihood
The worth of nature to humanity is far beyond the utility of it
losing sight of nature
- Be good to our climate
- Don’t buy bad souvenirs
- Save our forests by buying “good” wood
- Advocate for biodiversity
Possible solutions to loss of biodiversity
GMO means?
Genetically modified organism
Any living thing that has had its genetic material altered in some way through human scientific interference
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
GMO: Selective breeding or gene theraphy?
Gene therapy
Frequent examples of GMOs
Agricultural plants
- Increased crop yields
- reduced costs for pesticides
- enhanced nutrient composition and food quality
- resistance to pests and disease
- greater food security
benefits of GMO
Normal Fish vs GMO fish
Normal: 13 in. length, 2.8 lb/1.3 kg
GMO: 24 in. length, 6.6 lb/3.0 kg
In Asia, who is the political driver of GMO?
Philippines
In Asia, who is between the resistance and acceptance of GMO?
Thailand
In Asia, who is resisting GMOs?
Cambodia
Other application GMO aside from agricultural plants
- production of nonprotein (bioplastics) or nonindustrial (ornamental plants) products
- Pharmaceutical industry
Examples of GMO resulting from Agricultural Biotechnology
- corn
- soybeans
- cotton
- potatoes
- canola
- plum
- golden rice
- tobacco
This crop is used to produce many ingredients used in processed foods and drinks, including high-fructose corn syrup and corn starch
corn
Second largest U.S crop after corn, used primarily in animal feed and in _______oil — which is widely used for processed foods in restaurant chains
soybeans
Also often used to make an emulsifier called soy lecithin, which is present in a lot of processed foods, including dark chocolate bars and candy
soybeans
Turned into cottonseed oil, which is used for frying in restaurants and in packaged foods like potato chips, oily spreads like margarine, even things like cans of smoked oysters
cotton
some part of the plant are also used in animal feed, and what’s left over can be used to create food fillers such as cellulose
cotton
recently approved GMO crop is resistant to bruising and may produce less of a cancer-causing chemical, called acrylamide, when exposed to high heat
potatoes
It has not yet seen adoption in the food supply, but is expected to be
potatoes
used to make oil for cooking, as well as margarine
canola
it is also used to produce emulsifiers that are used in packaged foods. By some estimates, 90% of ____ grown in the US and Canada is GM
canola
Regulatory process involved with the making of genetically modified _______ are that scientists insert a new gene into it which makes them resistant to the _____ pox virus
plum
The GM ________ are resistant to __ pox virus by the insertion of a gene called coat protein (CP) from the virus ______ pox
plum
Gene inserted in GM plums that make them resistant to plum pox virus
coat protein (CP)
- genetically modified, biofortified crop
- genetically modified to produce beta carotene, which is not normally produced in rice
golden rice
increase the nutritional value in crops
biofortification
This is converted into Vit. A when metabolized by the human body and Vit. A is for healthier skin, immune systems, and vision
beta carotene
Scientists have genetically engineered _______ plants to produce a protein against amoebiasis — a disease predominantly affecting Central and South America, Africa and Asia
Tobacco
Genetically transformed with the gene encoding hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) linked to a nominally constitutive promotor
Tobacco plants
- number of microorganisms are being considered as future clean fuel producers and biodegraders
- produce recombinant vaccines
- genetically modified animals have been used to grow transplant tissues and human transplant organs which is called xenotransplantation
potential gmo application
- Alterations can change the organism’s growth rate, metabolism, and or response to external environmental factors
- possibility of exposure to new allergens in genetically modified foods
- ecological imbalance
- promotes the spread of disease among plants and animals
- enhanced mating advances of the genetically modified fish led to a reduction in the viability of their offspring
risks and controversies of GMO
3 categories of risks of genetic engineering
- environmental hazards
- human health risks
- economic factors
__________ is a huge issue surrounding pesticides and herbicides
Toxicity [Environmental hazard]
The long-term effects of GMO __________are/are not certain
are not
_______ is put a risk by GMO
biodiversity
The nature of ______ means fewer weed flowers, and therefore means less nectar for pollinators
GMO
