Naming tumours and tumour markers

Question 1

Name the benign and malignant tumours of squamous epithelial cells.

Answer 1

Benign: squamous cells papilloma

Malignant: squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

Name the benign and malignant tumours of transitional epithelial cells.

Answer 2

Benign: transitional cell papilloma

Malignant: transitional cell carcinoma

Question 3

Name the benign and malignant tumours of basal epithelial cells.

Answer 3

Benign: basal cell papilloma

Malignant: basal cell carcinoma

Question 4

Name the benign and malignant tumours of glandular epithelial cells.

Answer 4

Benign: adenoma

Malignant: adenocarcinoma

Question 5

Name the benign and malignant tumours of smooth muscle cells (mesenchymal origin).

Answer 5

Benign: Leiomyoma

Malignant: Leiomyosarcoma

Question 6

Name the benign and malignant tumours of striated muscle cells (mesenchymal origin).

Answer 6

Benign: Rhabdomyoma

Malignant: Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 7

Name the benign and malignant tumours of adipose tissue (mesenchymal origin).

Answer 7

Benign: Lipoma

Malignant: Liposarcoma

Question 8

Name the benign and malignant tumours of blood vessels (mesenchymal origin).

Answer 8

Benign: Angioma

Malignant: Angiosarcoma

Question 9

Name the benign and malignant tumours of bone(mesenchymal origin).

Answer 9

Benign: Osteoma

Malignant: Osteosarcoma

Question 10

Name the benign and malignant tumours of cartilage (mesenchymal origin).

Answer 10

Benign: Chondroma

Malignant: Chondrosarcoma

Question 11

Name the benign and malignant tumours of mesothelium (mesenchymal origin).

Answer 11

Benign: Benign mesothelioma

Malignant: Malignant mesothelioma

Question 12

Name the benign and malignant tumours of synovium (mesenchymal origin).

Answer 12

Benign: Synovioma

Malignant: Synovial sarcoma

Question 13

What markers are raised in myeloma?

Answer 13

Monoclonal Ig in blood.
Bence Jones protein Ig light chain (kappa or lambda) in urine.

Question 14

What markers are raised in hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 14

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Also associated with testicular teratoma.

Question 15

What markers are raised in GI adenocarcinomas?

Answer 15

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). False positive occurs in some non-neoplastic conditions.

Question 16

What markers are raised in neuroendocrine tumours?

Answer 16

Peptide hormones (insulin, gastrin). Excessive hormone production may have clinical effects.

Question 17

What marker is raised in phaeochromocytoma?

Answer 17

Vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA). Metabolite of catecholamines in urine.

Question 18

What marker is raised in carcinoid?

Answer 18

5-hydorxyindoleacetic-acid (5-HIAA). Metabolite of 5-HT or serotonin in urine.

Question 19

What marker is raised in choriocarcinoma?

Answer 19

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in blood and urine.

Question 20

What marker is raised in malignant teratoma?

Answer 20

AFP in blood and hCG in blood or urine.