Names

Question 1

represents the earliest extensive legal system designed to govern societal behavior and penalize rule-breakers.

Answer 1

Code of Hammurabi

Question 2

Central to this Code was the principle that “the strong shall not injure the weak,” emphasizing the protection of the vulnerable and the maintenance of social order based on individual rights.

Answer 2

Code of hammurabi

Question 3

This Code is also the source of the legal principle known as lex talionis, or “an eye for an eye,” which advocates for proportional justice by ensuring that punishments correspond directly to the offenses committed.

Answer 3

Code of hammurabi

Question 4

This ancient legal framework laid foundational concepts that continue to influence modern legal systems and notions of justice

Answer 4

Code of hammurabi

Question 5

In this year, the General Court of Massachusetts enacted the Stubborn Child Law.

Answer 5

1641

Question 6

which allowed for the death penalty for children who disobeyed their parents.

Answer 6

Stubborn child law

Question 7

This law was rooted in the Puritans’ belief that unchecked social evils could provoke divine retribution against the entire community.

Answer 7

Stubborn child law

Question 8

They viewed children as inherently sinful and believed they should submit to adult authority and endure rigorous labor as part of their discipline.

Answer 8

Puritans
Stubborn child law

Question 9

In this year, the Virginia General Assembly enacted a law

Answer 9

1646

Question 10

aimed at curbing laziness and idleness among children.

Answer 10

Virginia general assembly

Question 11

This move marked the beginning of a shift towards recognizing children as distinct from adults, leading to the development of new laws specifically targeting juvenile behavior.

Answer 11

Virginia general assembly

Question 12

As societal expectations evolved, there was growing pressure on the state to enhance the welfare of children, resulting in the introduction of regulations such as child labor laws.

Answer 12

Virginian general assembly

Question 13

In this year, the U.S. Congress enacted the Keating-Owen Act

Answer 13

1916

Question 14

the first federal law addressing child labor in America.

Answer 14

Keating-Owen act

Question 15

Act was invalidated just two years later by the Hammer v. Dagenhart case, it set the stage for the later passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938. Today, every state has implemented its own regulations concerning child labor.

Answer 15

Keating-Owen act

Question 16

In ths century, the child-saving movement emerged, led by concerned citizens who established a social activist group known as the Child Savers.

Answer 16

mid-19th century

Question 17

Led by concerned citizens who established a social activist group known as the Child Savers.

Answer 17

child-saving movement

Question 18

led by concerned citizens who established a social activist group known as the _________

Answer 18

Child Savers

Question 19

They held the belief that children were inherently good but could become delinquent due to negative environments.

Answer 19

Child savers

Question 20

they advocated for removing children from “bad” homes and placing them in “good” ones.

Answer 20

Child savers

Question 21

This doctrine became a key influence on the evolution of juvenile justice.

Answer 21

Parens patriae

Question 22

Parens Patriae Derived from Latin, meaning?

Answer 22

“parent of the country.”

Question 23

is a legal doctrine in the juvenile justice system that enables the state to act as a guardian for individuals who cannot care for themselves. This includes children, the mentally ill, the incapacitated, the elderly, or those with disabilities

Answer 23

Parens Patriae

Question 24

In this year, a committee report identified juvenile delinquency as a significant factor contributing to poverty, marking the first public acknowledgment of the term.

Answer 24

1818

Question 25

This early recognition of juvenile delinquency as a contributor to social problems highlights the growing awareness of the link between youth misbehavior and broader societal issues.

Answer 25

1818 Recognition juvenile court act

Question 26

In this year, the Illinois legislature introduced a law

Answer 26

1899

Question 27

Created the first Juvenile Court, establishing a new standard for juvenile justice throughout the United States.

Answer 27

Illinions illustrator
Illinionsjuvenile court act

Question 28

These early juvenile courts initially served as administrative arms of the circuit or district courts, as required by law.

Answer 28

Illinions legislator
Illinionsjuvenile court act

Question 29

Driven by the child savers’ reformist vision, the founders sought to rehabilitate rather than punish young offenders, focusing on reform over retribution.

Answer 29

Illinions legislature
Illinions juvenile court act

Question 30

defined probation as having both investigative and rehabilitative aspects. This pivotal legislation marked the beginning of specialized juvenile courts and the enactment of laws for separate trials for minors.

Answer 30

The 1899 Illinois Juvenile Court Act

Question 31

one of the inaugural judges of the first juvenile court in Cook County, Illinois, outlined the objectives of the juvenile court system

Answer 31

Judge Julian Mack

Question 32

He stated that while a child appearing in court should recognize the authority of the state, it is equally important for the child to feel that they are under the state’s care and concern.

Answer 32

Judge Julian Mack

Question 33

He suggested that the judge should sit at a desk alongside the child, offering a more personal and empathetic approach. By doing so, the judge would maintain judicial authority while significantly enhancing the effectiveness of their interactions with the child.

Answer 33

Judge julian mack

Question 34

In this early century, Progressives expanded upon the medical model introduced by the Illinois Court Act, treating crime as a condition that could be addressed and resolved through social intervention.

Answer 34

early 20th century
Juvenile court reform

Question 35

Another focus of reform during this period was to separate offenders from their usual social settings, with the belief that such isolation might foster a delinquent mindset and perpetuate further criminal behavior.

Answer 35

Early 20th century progressive
Juvenile court reform

Question 36

Four D’s of Juvenile Justice during the last half of the 20th Century are?

Answer 36

1. Deinstitutionalization
2. Diversion
3. Due process
4. Decriminalization

Question 37

was widely praised, it also had its drawbacks. Numerous youths who would previously have been released were now being channeled into newly established diversionary programs,

a phenomenon known as net widening. Despite this, many of these diversion programs were successful in their efforts.

Answer 37

diversion

Question 38

Three Factors as Earlier Youth Services Programs are?

Answer 38

1. The police-based nature of the program
2. The use of counselling in a law enforcement setting
3. The skills approach to training and treatment