Na

Question 1

What is the normal range for Na? When are they considered hyper- or hypo-?

Answer 1

• Normal: 133 - 146 mmol/L
  Hypo and Hyper is lower or higher (respectively) than the normal range

Question 2

What can
hypernatraemia indicate?

Answer 2

• Water depletion (Water loss from the body, meaning the sodium contents in the blood
  are more concentrated than before)
• A possible result of renal failure

Question 3

Hypernatraemia - symptoms

Answer 3

• Not much symptom
• Thirst, fatigue, confusion
• Confusion and coma can occur above 155 mol/L

Question 4

Hypernatraemia - drugs

Answer 4

• Phenytoin
• Lithium
• Sodium bicarbonate/ cholride
• CS
• Effervescent formulation
• Oestrogens/ androgens

PLS CEO

Question 5

Hypernatraemia - treatment

Answer 5

1. Dextrose infusion
2. Dialysis

Question 6

Hyponatraemia - symptoms

Answer 6

< 100-200mmol/L
- Muscle weakness
- Confusion
- Cardiac failure

Question 7

Hyponatraemia - drugs

Answer 7

Carbamazepine
Diuretics
Desmopressin / Vasopressin
NSAIDs
SSRIs/ TCAs

Certain Drugs Don’t Need Salt

Question 8

Hyponatraemia - treatment

Answer 8

1. Mannitol
   OR
2. Demeclocycline Or
3. Limiting fluid intake (depending on the cause)
   But give SODIUM (Sodium chloride IV)

Question 9

Do you give Sodium bicarbonate tablets for sodium depletion?

Answer 9

No
Sodium levels are usually managed by fluid intake

Question 10

When do you give
Sodium bicarbonate tablets?

Answer 10

1. To increase the pH of the urine
   - e.g. for UTI
2. Chronic acidotic states
   - e.g. Uraemic acidosis or renal tubular acidosis