K Flashcards
1
Q
Which electrolytes are we concerned with?
A
- Ca
- Mg
- K
- Na
- Ph
2
Q
Calcium
A
2.2-2.6
3
Q
Magnesium
A
0.6-1
4
Q
Phosphate
A
0.87-1.45
5
Q
Potassium
A
3.5-5.3
6
Q
Sodium
A
113-146
7
Q
K - results
A
Normal: 3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L
Hyper: >6.5 (you might see changes in ECG)
Нуро: <2.5
Imbalance = cardiac SE e.g. arrythmias
8
Q
In which patients should they take potassium?
A
- Digoxin or anti-arrythmic drugs
- K depletion = arrythmias - Secondary hyperaldosteronism
- Excessive loss of K in faeces
- Chronic diarrhoea - Elderly
- Drugs that cause K loss
- CS, diuretics
9
Q
Hyperkalaemia - causes
A
- Drugs
- DKA
- Renal failure
- Addison’s disease
10
Q
Hyperkalaemia - symptoms
A
- Fatigue
- numbness, nausea
- SOB, chest pain, palpitations
11
Q
Hyperkalaemia - drugs
A
- Trimethoprim
- Heparins
- ACEi / ARBs
- NSAIDs
- K-sparing diuretics
- Ciclosporin, Tacrolimus
- BB
THANKC B
12
Q
Acute Hyperkalaemia - Severe treatment
A
- IV calcium chloride 10% / calcium gluconate 10%
- IV soluble insulin (5-10u)
- with 50mL Glucose 50% IV
- given over 5-15 mins - Salbutamol (Nebulised or slow IV injection)
- use with caution in CVD
- remember, the side-effect of salbutamol is HYPOkalaemia
13
Q
Acute Hyperkalaemia - mild-moderate treatment
A
- lon-exchange resins
- Calcium resonium
14
Q
Hypokalaemia - symptoms
A
- Muscle weakness, rhabdo
- Hypotonia
- Paralytic ileus
- depression, Confusion
- Arrhythmia, palps
15
Q
Hypokalaemia - causes
A
- Drugs
- Persistent vomiting or diarrhoea
- Aldosteronism
- Cushing’s syndrome
