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Animal kingdom > myriapoda > Flashcards

myriapoda Flashcards

1
Q

Myriapods
4 classes of arthropods
Remember PODA

A
  1. symphyla
  2. Pauropoda
  3. diplopoda
  4. chilopoda
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2
Q

last common ancestor of all arthropods (500mya) had

7 points

A
  1. Modular body plan
  2. Chitin exoskeleton
  3. Branched (or unbranched) appendages on each segment
  4. Ventral mouth
  5. Pre-oral antennae
  6. Dorsal eyes
  7. Marine, probably a sediment feeder
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3
Q

crustacea is

A

paraphyletic (doesn’t include all descendants from a common ancestor

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4
Q

myriapoda is

A

subphylum of arthropods containing millipedes, centipedes, and others

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5
Q

myriapoda
Classic arthropod body plan
3 points

A
  1. Segmented body with unbranched appendages on each segment
  2. Head composed of five sets of “limbs”
    Antennae, labrum, mandibles, maxillae x 2
  3. Mouthparts on underside of head
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6
Q

myriapoda
respiration
4 points

A
  1. Tracheal system
  2. Spiracles on each segment; non-closable
  3. May have tracheal lungs – bunches of tracheal tubes
  4. Respiratory pigment (haemocyanin) found in scutigeromorph centipedes only
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7
Q

myriapoda
nervous system
3 points

A
  1. Chief sense is touch
  2. Simple eyes (ocelli), compound eyes (in some centipedes) or eyeless:

No evidence of image formation; could just be light/dark

  1. Organs of Tömösvary:
    Base of antennae in some centipedes
    Detect vibration and changes in humidity
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8
Q

myriapoda
Digestion
3 points

A
  1. In centipedes may be some external digestion of food
  2. Chewed or scraped with mandibles
  3. Simple gut comprised of a long straight tube
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9
Q

myriapoda
Excretion
2 points

A
  1. Single pair of Malpighian tubules

2. Excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia rather than uric acid

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10
Q

Myriapoda
Reproduction - indirect sperm transmission
3 points

A
  1. Mating dance where both sexes palpate each other’s posteriors with antennae
  2. Male then produces a spermatophore
  3. Male millipedes have legs modified into gonopods that transfer sperm during copulation
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11
Q

Myriapoda
reproduction - young
2 points

A
  1. May be egg-brooders

2. Juveniles hatch with few segments, and add additional pairs of legs whenever they moult

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12
Q

Myriapoda
Ecology
3 points

A
  1. Fill many ecological roles
  2. Centipedes are carnivorous
  3. Millipedes, pauropods and symphylans are detritivorous or herbivorous
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13
Q

Diplopoda Focus

4 points

A
  1. Millipedes
  2. Short antennae
  3. Variable number of trunk segments
  4. Repugnant exudate, can cause blisters (chemical defence)
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14
Q

diplopoda Focus
trunk segments
3 points

A
  1. Hatch with only 4 segments
  2. Diplosomites: pairs of segments fused together
  3. Gonopore on 2nd trunk segment
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15
Q

Chilopoda focus

6 points

A
  1. Centipedes
  2. wide range of terrestrial habitats
  3. Limbs of 1st trunk segment modified into maxilliped
  4. Long antennae
  5. Mandibles retractable into head pouch
  6. Variable number of trunk segments (15 or more)
    Gonopore on last trunk segment
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16
Q

Chiliopoda focus
feeding
4 points

A
  1. Forcipules, venom claws
  2. All predatory
  3. Small species are entomophagous (eat insects)
  4. Larger species feed on vertebrates
    Lizards, amphibians, rodents, birds, bats
17
Q

Entognatha - Hexapoda focus

A

another subphylum of arthropods

18
Q

Enthognatha - 3 orders focus

A

Diplura, Collembola, Protura

19
Q

enthognatha focus

A
  1. May have evolved independently from Pan-crustacean ancestor
  2. Six legs (i.e. Hexapods) but not insects
  3. Primarily wingless
  4. Mouthparts retracted into head
  5. All antennal segments have muscles (in insects it is first two segments only)
20
Q

enthognatha focus

5 points

A
  1. May have evolved independently from Pan-crustacean ancestor
  2. Six legs (i.e. Hexapods) but not insects
  3. Primarily wingless
  4. Mouthparts retracted into head
  5. All antennal segments have muscles (in insects it is first two segments only)

Animal kingdom (14 decks)

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