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Animal kingdom > Archosaurs > Flashcards

Archosaurs Flashcards

1
Q

Archosauromorphs include the extinct Sauropterygia and the living Testudines

Archosaurs include the Crocodylomorpha, Pterosauromorpha, and Dinosauromorpha

Dinosaurs are not extinct!
Still 10,000 species alive

A

…

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2
Q

Summary

Archosauromorphs include

A

extinct Sauropterygia and the living Testudines

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3
Q

Summary

Archosaurs include the

A

Crocodylomorpha, Pterosauromorpha, and Dinosauromorpha

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4
Q

Summary

Dinosaurs are not extinct!

A

Still 10,000 species alive

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5
Q

What is a reptile

A

Previous deck

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6
Q

Archosaurs

3 points

A
  1. Arose in the Early Triassic period, 250 Mya
  2. Definition
    The clade that includes the most recent common ancestor of living birds and crocodilians

Pseudosuchia: crocodiles and their extinct relatives

Pterosauromorpha: pterosaurs

Dinosauromorpha: dinosaurs, including birds

  1. more inclusive Archosauromorpha

Sauropterygia: plesiosaurs and pliosaurs

Testudines: turtles and tortoises

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7
Q

What is an archosaur?

7 points

A
  1. A sauropsid amniote
  2. Sauropsida
  3. Parasagittal gait
  4. Reduction / loss of sternum
  5. Thecodont dentition [teeth fit in to sockets]
  6. Single penis
  7. Bony scutes derived from the dermis
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8
Q

Sauropterygia [division from Archosauromorpha]

3 points

A
  1. Extinct taxon of aquatic reptiles, dating from approx. 250 Mya
  2. Descended from terrestrial ancestor
  3. Two main body forms

Plesiosauromorph: long neck, small head [smaller prey e.g. small fish]

Pliosauromorph: short neck, large head [larger prey]

These are no longer considered taxonomic

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9
Q

Testudines [division from Archosauromorpha]

3 points

A
  1. Turtles, tortoises, terrapins (L. “tortoises”)
  2. Exact affinities are uncertain
    Originally placed as descending from basal amniote ancestor

Now known to be diapsids, and more related to archosaurs than lepidosauriformes [controversy about this] (snakes and lizards)

  1. Shell composed of a carapace (upper) and plastron (belly)

Carapace composed of vertebrae, ribs and possibly scapulae [shoulder?] and pelvis

Supported by cartilage

May be covered in skin scutes / scales made of keratin

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10
Q

Pseudosuchia [division of crocodylomorpha]

A
  1. All living crocodilians and all archosaurs more closely related to them than birds
  2. Wide range of forms; dominant vertebrates in some eras [large variety of different forms]
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11
Q

Crocodilia [division of psuedosuchia]

7 points

A
  1. Arose 83.5 Mya [mid to end of dinasours]
  2. 1-7 metres long, elongated snouts and [laterally] flattened tails
  3. Adaptions for amphibious lifestyle [eyes on top of head (in water)]
  4. 2 gaits

Low walk with sprawling limbs [evolved to live in shallow water. Eating terrestrial animals]

High walk for speed [when want to run. Parasatgital gait. Turn elbows in]

  1. Alligatoridae: 8 species of alligators and caimans
  2. Crocodylidae: 14 species of crocodiles
  3. Gavialidae: 1 species of gharial
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12
Q

Ornithodira
[division from archosauromorpha]
3 points

A
  1. Characterised by an advanced ankle allowing for better mobility
  2. Ancestrally upright and bipedal posture
  3. Two divisions
    Pterosauromorpha
    Dinosauromorpha
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13
Q

Pterosauromorpha [division of Ornithodira]

4 points

A
  1. Earliest vertebrates to develop winged flight 228 – 66 Mya
  2. Elongated 4th finger and membrane of skin?
  3. Covered in hair-like filaments called pycnofibres [makes us think they are warm blooded. Need a lot of energy to fly which cant be produced by cold blooded]
  4. Wide variety of ecological niches
    Terrestrial predators of vertebrates

Insectivores

Piscivores, either aerial dip
feeders or plunge-divers

Filter feeders (akin to flamingos)

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14
Q

Dinosauria

4 points

A
  1. Slightly more restrictive grouping than the
  2. Highly diverse group including the largest and (one of) the smallest non-marine vertebrates
  3. Active animals with elevated metabolisms and adaptations for social interactions
  4. Ancestrally bipedal
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15
Q

Ornithischia [division of diosauromorpha]

3 points

A
  1. Adaptations of jaw for herbivorous diet

Predentary bone [main jaw bone in most amniotes. Front of jaw.]

Toothless premaxillary bone for the attachment of a beak

  1. Thyreophora
    Stegosauria
    Ankylosaura
  2. Neornithischia
    Ornithopoda
    Pachycephalosauria
    Ceratopsia
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16
Q

just remember that birds are put in group with

A

lizard like hips. Point of confusion]

17
Q

Sauropodomorpha [ division of dinosauromorpha]

4 points

A
  1. Long-necked herbivorous dinosaurs, include largest ever land animals
  2. Early “prosauropods” could be bipedal
  3. Small skull on long neck

May have had a beak

Some believe they might have had a proboscis (like an elephant’s trunk)

  1. Two major radiations
    Diplocodoidea: Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, etc.
    Macronaria: Brachiosaurus, Camarosaurus, etc.
18
Q

Theropoda [ division of dinosauromorpha]

5 points

A
  1. Crown group that includes all descendants of the common ancestor of Herrerasaurus and Passer
  2. “lizard-hipped”
  3. Ancestrally carnivorous and bipedal
  4. Supinated hands (clapping, not playing the piano) [unable to turn wrists. Palms not down. Not using to walk]
  5. Feathers

In non-coelurosaurs possibly confined to the young or certain body areas

19
Q

Aves (birds) [ division of therpoa

6 points

A
  1. Warm blooded
  2. Toothless beaks
    Feathers
  3. Hard shelled eggs
  4. Four-chambered heart
  5. Flight (ancestral)
  6. Complex behaviour

Animal kingdom (14 decks)

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