Mycology, Virology, Parasitology (W4) Flashcards
Define Mycoses
disease caused by fungi
What are the control methods for fungi (how to kill them)
- 60 deg for 5-30 mins
- bleach
- phenolic compounds
What are the 4 classifications of fungi
- Moulds
- True Yeast
- Yeast-like fungi
- Dimorphic fungi
define dimorphic fungi
it can be yeast or mycelial depending on environment
What are the 2 morphological types of hyphae and what defines them
septate - little walls along branches
non-septate - no walls
what are 5 harmful effects of fungi
- food spoilage
- unwanted growth
- animal and plant disease
- mycotoxin production
- lab contamination
what are 6 benefits of fungi
- food preparation
- antibiotic production
- enzyme production
- acid production
- decomposition
- pesticides degradation
what are the growth requirements of fungi
- temp between 25 and 30 degs
- acidic pH (4-6)
- Moist
- aerobic
what are the 5 types of asexual spores for fungal reproduction
(SCCAB)
- Sporangiospores
- Chlamydospores
- Conidiospores
- Arthrospores
- Blastospores
what are the 4 stages of fungal sexual spore formation
- cells of + and - thallus fuse
- nuclei fuse
- meiosis of nucleus (back to 2 nuclei)
- Haploid nucleus partitioned into + and - thallus
what are the 4 classifications based on fungal sexual reproduction
- Zygomycota
- Basidiomycota
- Ascomycota
- Deuteromycota (no sexual stage)
what are the 4 types of pathogenic fungi
- Moulds (opportunistic)
- Dermatophytes
- Yeast-like fungi
- Dimorphic fungi
What are the 2 types of superficial fungal infections
Candida (mucosa)
Cutaneous (skin)
what causes dermatophycoses
dermatophytes (on skin, hair, nails only)
(tinea)
what fungal pathogen causes systemic mycoses and what are 4 types
Dimorphic fungal pathogens
- Histoplasmosis
- Blastomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- paracoccidioidomycosis
What are mycotoxins, can they ever be useful
toxins produced by fungi, yes some of them
how many bacteriophages per ml of seawater are there
10 - 50 million
what is the size of a virus
10 - 300/400 um
what are the Baltimore scheme classifications of viruses and what is it based off
- based off nucleic acid
Class 1 - Double stranded DNA
Class 2 - Single stranded DNA
Class 3 - double stranded segmented RNA
Class 4 - single stranded RNA negative sense
Class 5 - single stranded RNA positive sense
Class 6 - Single stranded RNA positive sense with double stranded DNA intermediate before replication
Class 7 - double stranded DNA, part single stranded DNA with single stranded RNA intermediate
what are the 3 morphological types of viruses
- Helical
- Icosahedral
- Complex/undefined
what are cytopathic effects and what are they caused by
structural changes of a host cell caused by viral infection
what are the 6 stages of viral replication
- Attachment
- Penetration
- replication of viral genome
- production of late viral proteins
- assembly of progeny virions
- release of virions from cell
what 2 ways can viruses cause disease
- replicate in host cell, leading to direct damage
- host cells kill virus infected cells
what are the types (classifications) of viral infection
- mild
- latent (in body without producing more viruses)
- severe
- oncogenic (develop cancer)
- Teratogenic (affects fetus)
