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Bacteriology/Mycology > Mycology - Midterm > Flashcards

Mycology - Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Geophilic dermatophytes in rodents, dogs and horses

A
  • Microsporum gypseum
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2
Q

Golden retrievers and collies may be more susceptible. Infection via nasal tract.

A
  • nasal aspergillosis in dogs
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3
Q

These occur in the form of round or oval bodies (budding)

A
  • yeast
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4
Q

Hyphae penetrate medium and absorb nutrients

A
  • vegetative mycelium
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5
Q

Sever difficulty breathing

A
  • aspergillosis clinical signs
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6
Q

What is the route of infection for Coccidioides immitis and what are the main species infected?

A
  • soil, or dust borne dimorphic fungus
  • > infected by inhalation
  • dogs are most effected
  • > no dog to man transmission
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7
Q

Narrow spectrum drug. For Candida, Malassezia (yeast) infections only

A
  • Nystatin
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8
Q

Treatment is Natamycin or Miconazole

A
  • topical aspergillosis for keratitis in horses
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9
Q

Systemic anti-dermatophyte drugs

A
  • griseofulvin and ketoconazole
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10
Q

Treatment of Histoplasma capsulatum?

A
  • itraconazole or fluconazole oral
  • > ketoconazole can also be used
  • disseminated form has poor prognosis
  • > when in advanced stages
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11
Q

Gutteral pouch mycosis and keratomycosis (keratitis)

A
  • in horses

- caused by aspergillosis fumigatus

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12
Q

Which yeast causes myotic stomatitis and genital candidiasis in dogs and cats?

A
  • Candida albicans
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13
Q

Diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum?

A
  • histopath
  • buffy coat smear
  • serology
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14
Q

Is cryptococcus a commensal organism of the animal body?

A
  • it is NOT a commensal organism, EXCEPT for in pigeons
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15
Q

Diagnoses of Malassezia pachydermatis?

A
  • wet mount, gram stain and culture (fungal media)
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16
Q

Toxic, last choice antifungal therapy. For systemic infections only

A
  • Amphotericin B
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17
Q

Which yeast causes otitis externa in dogs when there are too many?

A
  • Malassezia pachydermatis
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18
Q

What is a common source of infection for Cryptococcus neoformans?

A
  • pigeon/bird droppings
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19
Q

Treatment is Ketoconazole locally + Itraconazole

A
  • systemic aspergillosis for horses
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20
Q

Narrow spectrum. Given orally for ring worm infection only.

A
  • Griseofulvin
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21
Q

Zoophilic dermatophytes in cattle

A
  • Trichophyton verrucosum
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22
Q

Collection of hair is for what diagnosis?

A
  • ringworm

- > hair should be plucked, never cut

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23
Q

Brooder pneumonia

A
  • in chickens
  • caused by aspergillosis fumigatus
  • conidiaophores
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24
Q

Also known as “Valley Fever”

A
  • Coccidiodomycosis, or Coccidioides immitis

- > human disease

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25
Q

Laboratory procedure for Aspergillus

A
  • scotch tape mounts in lactophenol cotton blue
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26
Q

Wood’s lamp, Wet mount KOH test or culture on Sabouraud medium used to diagnose.

A
  • dermatophytes
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27
Q

Cell membrane consists of?

A
  • ergosterol
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28
Q

Grow as yeasts and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae which are called pseudo hyphae

A
  • yeast-like fungi
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29
Q

What is the route of infection for Blastomyces dermatitidis and what are the main species infected?

A
  • they are soil-borne
  • > occur via aerosol inhalation -> granulomatous lesions in the lungs causing respiratory distress
  • main species infected are dogs
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30
Q

How to diagnose Candida albicans?

A
  • KOH wet mount, or gram stain - budding yeasts

- culture

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31
Q

Broad spectrum, used for a variety of fungal infections

A
  • Ketoconazole (“Nizoral”)
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32
Q

Clinical signs of Histoplasma capsulatum?

A
  • chronic cough, diarrhea and emaciation
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33
Q

Causes ringworm. Lesions restricted to skin, hair and nails. Alopecia, erythema and crusts.

A
  • dermatophytes (zoonotic)
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34
Q

Laboratory procedure for Dermatophytes in hair/skin

A
  • wet mount with 10% KOH
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35
Q

What are clinical signs of Cryptococcus neoformans?

A
  • sneezing, snuffling, mucopurulent/hemorrhagic nasal discharge
36
Q

How to diagnose Blastomyces dermatitidis?

A
  • wet mount

- culture at 25’C will show mycelial form

37
Q

Microsporum gypseum shape

A
  • boat shaped
38
Q

Zoophilic dermatophytes in dogs, horses and cats

A
  • Trichophyton mentagrophytes
39
Q

Which yeast causes metritis, vaginitis in horses?

A
  • Candida albicans
40
Q

Thick walled resting

A
  • Chlamydospores
41
Q

Hyphae projects above surface of medium and contain reproductive structures called conidia

A
  • aerial mycelium
42
Q

Signs of Coccidiodomycosis in dogs?

A
  • dyspnea, weight loss, lymphadenopathy and seizures
43
Q

Site of action of antifungal drugs, aphotericin B and azole group

A
  • ergosterol
44
Q

Which yeast causes crop mycosis (thrush) in poultry

A
  • Candida albicans

- > white plaques

45
Q

A polysaccharide which is the site of action for some antifungal drugs

A
  • Chitin
46
Q

Clinical signs of Malassezia pachydermatis?

A
  • elephant-like skin

- chronic dermatitis (pruritis, alopecia, erythema)

47
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes shape

A
  • cigar shaped
48
Q

Clotrimazole nasal infusion is the preferred treatment for

A
  • nasal aspergillosis in dogs
  • > second option is fluconazole systemic
  • Ketoconazole can also be used
49
Q

Destruction of turbinate bones and epistaxis (bleeding from nose)

A
  • nasal aspergillosis
  • in dogs
  • caused by aspergillosis fumigatus
50
Q

Which yeast has a bottle, or peanut, or footprint shaped yeasts in a gram stain?

A
  • Malassezia pachydermatis
51
Q

Reproduce by formation of different types of spores

A
  • molds/filamentous fungi
52
Q

Which yeast causes production of phospholipases, proteases and pseudomembranous ulcerative inflammation

A
  • Candida albicans
53
Q

Formed by segmentation and condensation of hyphae

A
  • Arthrospores
54
Q

Treatment of Malassezia pachydermatis?

A
  • Ketoconazole oral for dermatitis!!
  • > has the BEST activity against Malassezia
  • Nystatin or clotrimazole tropical
55
Q

Cell wall consists of ?

A
  • chitin
56
Q

What degree does fungi grow at?

A
  • 25 degrees
57
Q

Wet mount of colony using lactophenol cotton blue stain on aspergillosis will show?

A
  • typical conidial heads
58
Q

Which yeast causes enteritis in young animals on prolonged antibacterial therapy

A
  • Candida albicans
59
Q

Molds, or filamentous fungi

A
  • fungi producing mycelia
60
Q

Zoophilic dermatophytes in horses

A
  • Trichophyton equinum
61
Q

What yeast is commensal of the alimentary tract?

A
  • Candida albicans
62
Q

Microsporum canis shape

A
  • spindle shaped
63
Q

What yeast remains in yeast form at 25’C and in host at 37’C

A
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
64
Q

Types of dimorphic fungi

A
  1. Blastomycosis
  2. Histoplasmosis
  3. Coccidiodomycosis
65
Q

How to treat Cryptococcus neoformans?

A
  • Over 6 months of treatment may be needed and a minimum of 2 months for cats
  • Itraconazole, fluconazole or ketoconazole
  • solution of calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide is used to clean contaminated areas
  • > MASKS should be worn
66
Q

Ring worm fungi (skin)

A
  • dermatomycoses
67
Q

How to treat Blastomyces dermatitidis?

A
  • itraconazole oral

- > about 60 days of treatment

68
Q

These are fungi which exhibit yeast form in host tissue and in vitro at 37° C and mycelial form at 25 ° C

A
  • dimorphic fungi
69
Q

Diagnosis is 10% KOH wet mounts of deep scrapings (

A
  • aspergillosis
70
Q

Geophilic dermatophytes in pigs

A
  • Microsporum nanum
71
Q

What is the route of infection for Histoplasma capsulatum and what are the main species infected?

A
  • soil enriched with bat or bird excreta
  • > infection via inhalation
  • dogs are most effected
72
Q

Main species affected by Blastomyces dermatitidis (blastomycosis)?

A
  • Dogs
73
Q

Predisposing factors of Malassezia pachydermatis?

A
  • flea allergy, genetic factors

- > NOT a systemic disease

74
Q

What type of disease is Cryptococcus neoformans?

A
  • airborne infection that forms a capsule

- causes nasal granulomas -> affects the paranasal sinuses

75
Q

How do you diagnose Cryptococcus neoformans?

A
  • wet mounts (KOH) and culture test
76
Q

Treatment is antifungal infusion and surgical occlusion of artery to prevent bleeding

A
  • guttural pouch mycosis in horses
77
Q

These are formed by budding from parent cell

A
  • Blastospores
78
Q

Zoophilic dermatophytes in cats and dogs

A
  • Microsporum canis
79
Q

What are fungi resistant to?

A
  • antibacterials/antibiotics such as penicillin
80
Q

Which species is Cryptococcus neoformans most prevalent in?

A
  • CATS > dogs
81
Q

Diagnosis of Coccidiodomycosis

A
  • serology
  • DTH to coccidoidin
  • a skin test
  • histopath
82
Q

What yeast produces enzymes including phospholipases which disrupts host cell membranes and causes granulomas?

A
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
83
Q

How to treat Candida albicans?

A
  • Nystatin topical, or oral for GI overgrowth

- ketoconazole oral

84
Q

Mycotic abortion

A
  • in cattle
  • caused by aspergillosis fumigatus
  • raised cutaneous plaques resembling ring worm lesions
  • > impaired circulation
85
Q

Control of aspergillosis in cattle

A
  • avoid bad hay, silage
86
Q

Control of aspergillosis in poultry

A
  • litter change

Bacteriology/Mycology (10 decks)

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