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Bacteriology/Mycology > Antimicrobial Agents > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides Mode of Action

A
  • inhibition of protein synthesis

- > streptomycin and neomycin

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2
Q

Sulphonamides Mode of Action

A
  • interference with DNA synthesis by blocking folic acid production
  • > sulphamezathine and sulphamethoxazole
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3
Q

Vancomycin Mode of Action

A
  • inhibition of cell wall synthesis
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4
Q

Antibiotic given to animals when none are showing clinical signs. When disease is likely to occur

A
  • disease prevention
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5
Q

Innate or natural AMR

A
  • Intrinsic AMR
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6
Q

Microbe/bacteria is able to grow in the presence of antimicrobial that would normally kill/inhibit its growth

A
  • antimicrobial resistance (resistance of bacteria to antibiotics)
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7
Q

Antibiotics given to animals showing clinical signs of disease

A
  • disease treatment
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8
Q

Antibiotic susceptibility testing method that is less expensive, easy to use, interpret and customize

A
  • disc diffusion assay (kirby-bauer)
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9
Q

Infection can be appropriately treated with recommended antibiotic in a species, at correct dose and duration

A
  • susceptible
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10
Q

Bacteria change to protect it from antibiotic

A
  • Acquired AMR
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11
Q

Tetracyclines Mode of Action

A
  • inhibition of protein synthesis

- > oxytetracycline and doxycycline

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12
Q

Goal is to use suitable antibiotic for effective treatment and clinical success

A
  • antibiotic susceptibility testing
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13
Q

Kills bacterial cells in growth phase

A
  • bactericidal
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14
Q

Nitrofurans Mode of Action

A
  • inhibition of protein synthesis

- > nitrofurantoin

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15
Q

Infection may be treated were antibiotic reaches physiological concentration or when higher dose is used

A
  • intermediate
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16
Q

Drugs not used in accordance with the label

A
  • Extra-label drug use
17
Q

Antibiotics given to a set of animals when other animals in the group are showing clinical signs

A
  • disease control
18
Q

Novobiocin Mode of Action

A
  • interference with DNA gyrase
19
Q

Natural or synthetic substances that kill or inhibit growth of microbes

A
  • antimicrobial agents
20
Q

B-Lactam Antibiotics Mode of Action

A
  • inhibition of cell wall synthesis

- > penicillins and Cephalosporins

21
Q

Efflux pump and G-negative bacteria

A
  • intrinsic AMR main mechanisms
22
Q

Requires written permission from licensed veterinarian and includes medically important antibiotics used in water for food producing animals

A
  • veterinary prescription
23
Q

Quinolones Mode of Action

A
  • interference with DNA gyrase

- > nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin

24
Q

Antibiotic susceptibility testing method that has few CLSI approved discs for vet use and is qualitative

A
  • disc diffusion assay (kirby-bauer)
25
Q

Chloramphenicol Mode of Action

A
  • inhibition of protein synthesis
26
Q

Antibiotic susceptibility testing method that is similar to broth dilution but uses agar

A
  • Agar dilution
27
Q

Inhibits bacterial growth in stationary phase

A
  • bacteriostatic
28
Q

Bacteria not inhibited or killed by normal dose or clinical efficacy is not reliable in treatment studies

A
  • resistant
29
Q

Are antibiotics approved for growth?

A
  • NO
30
Q

Antibiotic susceptibility testing method that is quantitative and determines MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration - the lowest concentration that completely inhibits bacterial growth)

A
  • Broth dilution

- > more expensive

31
Q

Clients can buy and use without veterinary oversight?

A
  • over the counter
32
Q

Change structure of target sites, protect drug target sites and produce enzymes that inactivate or modify antibiotic

A
  • acquired AMR main mechanisms
33
Q

Medicated feeds that require written authorization from licensed veterinarian

A
  • veterinary feed directive (VFD) drugs
34
Q

Antimicrobial Stewardship

A
  • appropriate antibiotic use

- > right time, right dose and right duration

35
Q

Encoded by genes located on chromosomes or plasmids. Can be intrinsic or acquired

A
  • Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms

Bacteriology/Mycology (10 decks)

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