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Locomotor > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What are fungi?

A

eukaryotic cells that are plant like but lack chlorophyll

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2
Q

What is yeast?

A

unicellular fungi

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3
Q

How do yeast breathe?

A

facultative anaerobe

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4
Q

How do yeast reproduce?

A

asexually by budding

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5
Q

What is mould?

A

filamentous fungi

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6
Q

How does mould breathe?

A

aerobic

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7
Q

How does mould reproduce?

A

asexually by spores (conidia)

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8
Q

What is dimorphic fungi?

A

fungi that can live either as yeast or mould

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9
Q

What does yeast look like on a gram stain?

A

like gram positive cocci - but bigger and can sometimes see them budding

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10
Q

What does yeast look like on agar?

A

like bacteria - small grey colonies - but can smell the yeast

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11
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A

the fungi which cause ring worm - grow on the skin but dont invade deeply

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12
Q

What is cave’s disease?

A

histoplasmosis caused by the dimorphic fungi histoplasma capsulatum

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13
Q

Why are dimorphic fungi particularly virulent?

A

because they can grow as the filamentous form in the environment and then as the yeast form to infect

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14
Q

What is subcutaneous mycoses?

A

a fungal infection where the pathogen is implanted or introduced to the dermis

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15
Q

How do aspergillus cause cancer?

A

by producing the carcinogenic aflatoxin

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16
Q

What do dermatophytes cause?

A

tinea

17
Q

What do dermatophytes eat?

A

keratin

18
Q

How do dermatophytes cause a skin reaction?

A

by producing metabolites which are irritating

19
Q

What is tinea corporis?

A

ring worm

20
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

atheletes foot

21
Q

What is mycetoma?

A

madura foot - a disease which almost always affects the foot and looks like a tumour - can be caused by either a bacteria (nocardia) or a fungi (madurella)

22
Q

What is mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A

an opportunistic mycoses caused by candida albicans infecting mucous membranes

23
Q

What is chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A

a candidiasis in people with immune defects where there is chronic infection of the mucous membranes

24
Q

What is systemic candidiasis?

A

where candida albicans invades and causes septicaemia which is fatal

25
Q

Why are patients more at risk of vaginal thrush after taking antibiotics?

A

because the lactobacilli in the vagina keep the pH low and when they are killed off by the antibiotics it creates an environment where the fungi can grow

26
Q

What are the two agents that cause cryptococcosis?

A

c. neoformans and c. gattii

27
Q

What is cryptococcosis?

A

initially a mild pulmonary infection but if it spreads through the blood it will cause fungal meningitis

28
Q

What is saprophytic aspergillosis?

A

where aspergillus grows inside a pre existing cavity e.g. in cavitating TB - mostly asymptomatic or a few minor pulmonary symptoms - looks like a tumour on an xray

29
Q

What is allergic aspergillosis?

A

allergic manifestations to aspergillosis - can present as lesions in the hand

30
Q

What is systemic aspergillosis?

A

classic in immunocompromised patients - disseminates throughout the body and can infect many different organs

31
Q

How do you diagnose fungal infections?

A

microscopy, culture, antigen detection, PCR, mass spec

32
Q

What are some systemic anti fungals?

A

polyenes, triazoles, echinocandins, 5-flurocytosine

33
Q

What are some topical anti fungals?

A

polyenes, imidazoles

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of polyenes?

A

affects the integrity of ergosterol in the cytoplasmic membrane

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of 5-flurocytosine?

A

affects DNA and RNA synthesis

36
Q

What is amphotericin B?

A

a polyene

Locomotor (16 decks)

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