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Locomotor > Histology of Cartilage, Bone and Joints > Flashcards

Histology of Cartilage, Bone and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

the commonest cartilage in the body located in articular joints - flexible and resistant to compression

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2
Q

What is within the ECM of hyaline cartilage?

A

type II collagen, GAGs, hyaluronic acid and chondronectin (a glycoprotein which binds the elements together)

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3
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage with the addition of elastin

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4
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located?

A

ears, ear canal, epiglottis and larynx

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5
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

a mixture of dense connective tissue and hyaline type cartilage

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6
Q

Where is fibrocartilage located?

A

menisci and intervertebral discs

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7
Q

What type of collagen is in fibrocartilage?

A

type 1

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8
Q

What type of collagen makes up the nucleus pulposus?

A

type 2

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9
Q

How is compact bone organised?

A

the outermost part is in concentric layers and the inner part is organised into haversian systems (cylindrical columns)

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10
Q

How do osteocytes get nutrients?

A

via long thin processes to access blood vessels

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11
Q

What is yellow marrow?

A

mainly fat cells - most of the marrow later in life

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12
Q

What is red marrow?

A

mainly haematopoetic cells - most of the marrow early in life

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13
Q

What are the blood vessels in bone marrow?

A

sinusoids - large diameter with pores to allow entry of blood cells

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14
Q

What is the periosteum made up of?

A

an outer fibrous layer of fibroblasts, blood vessels and collagen and an inner cellular layer of osteoprogenitor cells

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15
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibres?

A

the collagen fibres of a tendon that project into the bone

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16
Q

What is the nerve supply of bones?

A

the sympathetic nervous system

17
Q

What is the synovial membrane?

A

it is not an epithelium - it is a layer of cells made up of fibroblast like cells, macrophage like cells and connective tissue - it is responsible for making the synovial fluid

18
Q

What is the synovial fluid made up of?

A

an ultrafiltrate of blood with added proteoglycans

19
Q

What proteins do osteoblasts make?

A

osteocalcin, osteonectin (calcium binding proteins), adhesive proteins, proteoglycans and alkaline phosphatase

20
Q

What is a measure of how much bone is being built?

A

alkaline phosphatase

21
Q

What do inactive osteoblasts look like?

A

flattened cells - look like an osteoprogenitor cell

22
Q

What is a marker of osteoclast activity?

A

tartrate resistant acid phosphatase

23
Q

What happens to osteoclasts when they are not required?

A

they apoptose

24
Q

What are the zones of the growth plate?

A

resting, proliferative, maturation, hypertrophic, ossification

Locomotor (16 decks)

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