Mycology

Question 1

Fungal cell wall is made up of?

Answer 1

Glucan :act as endotoxin that may stimulate the immune system
Fungal pigments : protect aginst UV

Question 2

What make fungal cell wall unique from cellullose based palnts

Answer 2

1-Glycoproteinens
2-polysaccharides
3-cell membrane

Question 3

Polysaccharides(glucan B1.3 B1,6) + chitin which is found in cell wall do what

Answer 3

The glucan act like endotoxin

chitin(beta-1,4-linked chan of acetylgucosamine ) cotribute to cell wall integrity to withstand osmotic pressures

Question 4

function of glycoprotiens

Answer 4

Transport and cell to cell atachment

important target of innate immune recognition

Question 5

What is the primary sterol of cell mebrane

Answer 5

ergosterol

Question 6

what makes the cell wall speical for lap result

Answer 6

chitin + ergosterol

Question 7

Difference in cell wall of yeast vs moulds

Answer 7

Filamentous fungus molds
Lacks mannan

lacks b-1,6-glucan and replaced with oligosacrride

Question 8

Function of fungal cell wall

Answer 8

Morphogenesis and sensing enviromental stimuli
wall integrity
adhesion to host
Pamps : chitin and b glucan act as pamps or mamps which help the host PRRs to detect the invading fungus

Question 9

names of divsion

Answer 9

Bainary fissin mostly bacteria

budding mostly in yeast : SPOC stops it

Question 10

what is a spores

Answer 10

Asexual and sexual way of sexing

Question 11

Enodgenous vs exogenous spores

Answer 11

endogenous : have a close membrance call sporongium
exogenous :have a free spore called conidispores

Question 12

What is the mean diffrence between bacteria and fungi

Answer 12

Fungi have thermal dimorphism

Question 13

classification of fungal diseases

Answer 13

Superficial mycosis : cutaneous and subcutaneous
Systemic or deep mycosis
opportunistic infection

Question 14

Superficial mycosis is caused by a group of fungi called ?

name what they require to grow

and way of transmation

Answer 14

Dermatophytes

keration

fomites

Question 15

Name 3 superficial skin infection caused by dermatophytes

Answer 15

Microsporum
Trichophyton
epidermophton

Question 16

where dose subcuatneous mycosis present in nature

Answer 16

Presnt of plant and soil so farmer are affected commonly

Question 17

give me one example of subcuatnous mycosis and what fungi

Answer 17

Sporotrichiosis cause my the fungi sporothrix schenkii

Question 18

progression of subcutanous mycosis and how it start and what is the immune respone

Answer 18

start is paionless nodule then ulcerate dishchargin serous or purelnt fluid. spred thro lymptics forming nodular lesion

neutrophils

Question 19

look at page 30 for pitcure of spoorothrix schenkii

Question 20

Systemic mycosis caused by what and what is the mode of entery and what is the immune defese like

Answer 20

affect internal organ + enter by skin of para nasal sinuses or lungs .
fungi causing this is : Histoplasma capulatum
Blastomyces dermatiditis
coccidiodes immitus

morphologicly dimorphic which mean both yeast and mold

cell mediatied immunity

Question 21

Clinical picture pf systemic mycosis

Answer 21

fungi have certin geographical distribution. associated with bat and bird dropping
wet areas and forest with decying wood .
more prevleant aroud lakes and rivers

and the clinical picture is chronic pneumonia . present with dry cough then progress to productue cough, hemopytsis and pleurtic chest pain . + pnemonic infiltrates in xray

Question 22

Name 4 opportunistic fungi

Answer 22

Yeast :
Candida albican
cryptococcus
Mold:
aspergillus
mucor

Question 23

watch page 35 for candida albicans picture

Question 24

Mucor morphology

Answer 24

Aseptate branching at 90 degree

Question 25

Mucor generally occur in what type of patient

Answer 25

immunocompromised host like those who have diabates

Question 26

They infect which part of body ?

Answer 26

para-nasal and the lower repiratory tract , even involving bone and can spread to brain

Question 27

Host risk factor of mucor 5

Answer 27

diabetes neutropenia sustined immunesuppressive therapy chronic prednisone use iron overload

Question 28

Rhinocerebral (sinus and brain )mucor in IC present with5

Answer 28

One sided facial pain!! Headache! nasal or sinus congestion !! black lesion on upper side of mouth !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! fever

Question 29

Pulmonary mucormycosis present with?4

Answer 29

fever cough cheast pain shortness of breath

Question 30

The main line of innate host reponse to Mucor is 3

Answer 30

Neutrophil(PMNs) Mononuclear cells MNCs macrophhage

Question 31

Morphology of Cryptococcus ?

Answer 31

yeast resmbling candidia but has capsule

Question 32

capsule of cryptococcus can be staind by what

Answer 32

india ink prepartion

Question 33

Cryptococcus causes? and asscoicated with what kind of animal

Answer 33

Meniningitis peumonia in IC bird droping

Question 34

pneumocystis jiovecii causes what and clinical presention

Answer 34

pneumonia Fever dry cough dyspnea cheast pain bilateral infltratin of lung associated with cancer patient who went throw chemo

Question 35

pneumocystis jiovecii special feature

Answer 35

can exists in two form cyst and trophozoite so antibiotic is used