CNS

Question 1

Define meningitis & encephalitis

Answer 1

Meningitis inflammation of meningitis
Encephalitis inflammation of the brain

Question 2

epidemiology of acute bacterial meningitis (Causative organisms : age wise)

Answer 2

Neonate
Escherichia coli k1 strains (Klebsiella etc)
Streptococcus Aglactiae ( GRP B)
Listeria monocytogenes

Neonate:less than one month-Merriam
Webster
Less than 4 weeks – Mediline Plus

Children
Streptococcus pneumoniae MOST COMMON
Hemophilus influenzae type b
Neisseria meningitides

Adults
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitides

Question 3

Clinical presentation of acute bacterial meningitis

Answer 3

Symptoms
* Fever , Headache, Vomiting
* Irritability !!!
sensitive to light and sound !!!!
* Seizure
* Loss of consciousness
* Rash
Signs
Temperature
Neck rigidity !!
Posture !!! away from light
kerning ’s sign: extension of the knee
with hip flexed caused pain
Brudzinsky’s sign: Flexion of the neck whilethe patient is in
the supine position will cause the patient to flex hisknee
and hips

Question 4

pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis

Answer 4

Direct spread : through skin
or nose
or anatomical defect (spina bifida congenital , acquired skull fracture)
———————————————
Hematogenous spread

Question 5

septic vs aseptic meningitis

Answer 5

WBCS 200- 20000 NEUTROPHIL FOR SEPTIC BACTERIA
ASPETC 100-10000 MONONUCLEUAR CELLS VIRUS

BOTH SMAPLE ARE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 5

Diagnostic approach

Answer 5

if suspect do test

if no csf wbc consider another disease

if high Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) goes either way

1- no bacterial growth ———>aseptic meningitis
2-bacterial growth ———–>septic meningitis