Mycology Flashcards
fungi are gram
positive
colonies are moist creamy, opaque, pasty
yeast
yeast grows at
37 deg C
unicellular and exist as monomorphic
a. yeast
b. mold
a
multicellular and exist dimorphic
a. mold
b. yeast
a
mold grows at
RT; 25-30 degC
what do you call a group of hyphae
mycelia
this is used for reproduction and is extended at the surface
aerial
part that is used for nutrition
phallus / vegetation
causes subcutaneous mycoses
a. sporothrix schenckii
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermitidis
d. coccidiodes immitis
a
causes systemic mycoses
C- capsulatum
D- dermitidis
I- immitis
B- braziliense
basic structural unit of fungi and also known as —-
hyphae; molds
aseptate hyphae
zygomycetes; Mucor, Absidia, Rhizor
with pectinate body
a. m. audouinii
b. microsporum canis
c. t. schoenleinii - swollen
d. epidermophyton flocossum
a
with antler hyphae
a. m. audouinii
b. microsporum canis
c. t. schoenleinii - swollen
d. epidermophyton flocossum
c
with racquet hyphae
a. m. audouinii
b. microsporum canis
c. t. schoenleinii - swollen
d. epidermophyton flocossum
d
spiral hyphae
a. trichophyton mentagrophytes
b. microsporum canis
c. t. schoenleinii
d. epidermophyton flocossum
a
with nodular bodies
a. m. audouinii
b. microsporum canis
c. t. schoenleinii - swollen
d. epidermophyton flocossum
b
dematiaceous
pigmentation due to melanin
non-pigmented
hyaline cast
structures for reproduction
spores
spores are formed as a result of nuclear fusion
a. asexual spores/ imperfect
b. sexual spores/ perfect
b
spores are formed without nuclear fusion
a. asexual spores/ imperfect
b. sexual spores/ perfect
a
asexual spores
a. teleomorph
b. anamorph
c. ascospores
d. basidiospores
b
sexual spores
a. teleomorph
b. anamorph
c. blastoconidia
d. chamydoconida
a
formed thru budding - small outgrowth of hyphae pinches off
a. ascospores
b. blastoconidia
c. chamydoconida
d. zygospores
b
formed thru fragmentation of hyphal cells
a. arthroconidia
b. blastoconidia
c. chamydoconida
d. zygospores
a
formed thru enlargement of hyphal cells
a. ascospores
b. blastoconidia
c. chamydoconida
d. zygospores
c
formed within a SAC like structure called ASCUS
a. ascospores
b. blastoconidia
c. chamydoconida
d. zygospores
a
formed within a CLUB shaped structure called BASIDIUM
a. ascospores
b. blastoconidia
c. chamydoconida
d. basidiospores
d
formed thru the union of 2 undifferentiated cells
a. oospores
b. zygospores
c. chamydoconida
d. zygospores
b
formed thru the union of 2 differentiated cells
a. ascospores
b. blastoconidia
c. oospores
d. zygospores
c
pyriform-shaped
a. microconidia
b. macroconidia
a
spindle-shaped
a. microconidia
b. macroconidia
b
temporary mount
KOH; 10-20 percent
lactophenol cotton blue
india ink/nigrosin
calcofluor white stain
detects fungal elements from skin, hair and nails
a. KOH; 10-20 percent
b. lactophenol cotton blue
c. india ink/nigrosin
d. calcofluor white stain
a
for preservative and stains
a. KOH; 10-20 percent
b. lactophenol cotton blue
c. india ink/nigrosin
d. calcofluor white stain
b
to detect c. neoformans CAPSULE
a. KOH; 10-20 percent
b. lactophenol cotton blue
c. india ink/nigrosin
d. calcofluor white stain
c
to demonstrate chitin on cell wall
a. KOH; 10-20 percent
b. lactophenol cotton blue
c. india ink/nigrosin
d. calcofluor white stain
d
permanent mounts
Periodic acid schiff and gomori’s methenamine silver
Mayer’s mucicarmine
Fontana masson ; H and E
Giemsa or Wrights
Gram’s stain or acid fast kinyoun’s
detect fungi in histologic sections
a. Periodic acid schiff and gomori’s methenamine silver
b. Mayer’s mucicarmine
c. Fontana masson ; H and E
d. Giemsa or Wrights
a
demonstration of C. neoformans
a. Fontana masson ; H and E
b. Mayer’s mucicarmine
c. Periodic acid schiff and gomori’s methenamine silver
d. Giemsa or Wrights
b
detects hyphal pigmentation
a. Fontana masson ; H and E
b. Mayer’s mucicarmine
c. Periodic acid schiff and gomori’s methenamine silver
d. Giemsa or Wrights
a
detects yeast within mononuclear cells i.e., Histoplasma capsulatum
a. Fontana masson ; H and E
b. Mayer’s mucicarmine
c. Periodic acid schiff and gomori’s methenamine silver
d. Giemsa or Wrights
d
demonstration of fluorescens of fungal elements usually on hair
a. wood’s lamp
b. culture media
c. incubation temperature for fungi
d. antimicrobial agents in fungal media
a
incubation temperature for fungi
25-30 degC or RT
most fungi grow within —–
2 weeks incubation period
antimicrobial agents in fungal media
chloramphenicol and cyclohexidine
to prevent bacterial growth
a. chloramphenicol
b. cycloheximide
a
to prevent saprophytic fungi
a. chloramphenicol
b. cycloheximide
b
czapek agar is used to detect
a. c. neoformans
b. used as nutrient media to detect fungi
c. aspergillus
d. mycosel/mycobiotic
c
dermatophytes can be detected by using
a. c. neoformans
b. cornmeal agar
c. aspergillus
d. mycosel/mycobiotic
d
cornmeal agar is used for
a. detect c. neoformans
b. stimulate chlamydospore formation of C.albicans
c. aspergillus
d. mycosel/mycobiotic
b
nutrient media for fungi
a. c. neoformans
b. cornmeal agar
c. saboraud’s dextrose agar
d. bird seed, niger seed, staib’s medium
c
what culture media is being used for C. neoformans
a. aspergillus
b. czapek agar
c. saboraud’s dextrose agar
d. bird seed, niger seed, staib’s medium
d
tests that will differentiate t. mentagrophytes and t. rubrum
urease test and hair baiting/perforation
positive result in urease test
pink to red
positive result in hair baiting/perforation
v-shaped or conical hair perforation
t. mentagrophytes’ result in hair baiting and urease test
positive
t. mentagrophytes’ result in hair baiting and urease test
negative
presumptive test for candida albicans
a. wood’s lamp
b. culture media
c. urease test
d. germ tube test
d
germ tube test procedure
small inoculum of yeast in 0.5 mL sheep’s serum or rabbit’s plasma then incubate at 37-37 degC no longer than 3 hrs.
in germ tube test this will indicate positive result
NO CONSTRICTION
in germ tube test positive result may be mistaken from ——- however it possess ——
hyphae; called as pseudohyphae, possesses constriction
this is used for rapid identification of c. neoformans
a. wood’s lamp
b. L-dopa ferric citrate test
c. urease test
d. germ tube test
b
positive result in L-dopa ferric citrate test
black
this causes tinea or pityriasis versicolor
m. furfur
form of mycosis characterized by depigmentation/discoloration of skin
superficial mycosis
a lipophilic yeast
m. furfur
m. furfur can be describe as —-, what is its mode of transmission
spag with meatballs, direct contact
classify mycotic infections according to geographical distributions
superficial mycoses
example of superficial mycoses
tinea versicolor
tinea nigra
piedra - white and black
group of intertwined hyphae is called
mycelia/mycellium
plates/tubes are incubated at
ambient air
chronic superficial fungal infection which leads to hypopigmentation/hyper patches on skin
a. pityriasis versicolor
b. piedra
c. tinea nigra
a
with sunlight exposure, the skin around the patches will tan but patches remain white
a. pityriasis versicolor
b. piedra
c. tinea nigra
a
caused by M. furfur - which causes tinea or pityriasis versicolor - superficial mycosis, a lipophilic yeast with meatballs
a. pityriasis versicolor
b. piedra
c. tinea nigra
a
a superficial fungal infection that causes dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of hands and feet
a. pityriasis versicolor
b. piedra
c. tinea nigra
c
caused by exophiala werneckii/cortea
a. pityriasis versicolor
b. piedra
c. tinea nigra
c
nodular infection of hair shaft also axillary, pubic, beard and scalp hair can also be infected
a. pityriasis versicolor
b. piedra
c. tinea nigra
b
black piedra caused by
a. trichosporon beigelii/cutaneum
b. tinea nigra
c. m. furfur
d. piedraia hortai
d
white piedra caused by
a. trichosporon beigelii/cutaneum
b. tinea nigra
c. m. furfur
d. piedraia hortai
a
this affects keratinized tissues, skin, hair and nails
cutaneous mycoses
also known as dermatophytosis/dermatomycoses
cutaneous mycoses
also known as ringworm infection
cutaneous mycoses
agents of cutaneous mycoses
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
this affects skin, hair but rarely nails
a. Microsporum
b. Trichophyton
c. Epidermophyton
a
this affects skin and nail but rarely hair
a. Microsporum
b. Trichophyton
c. Epidermophyton
b
this affects skin, hair and nails
a. Microsporum
b. Trichophyton
c. Epidermophyton
c
which of the following is unable to produce microconidia
a. trichophyton mentagrophytes
b. epidermophyton floccosum
c. microsporum audouinii
d. trichophyton verrucosum
b
macroconidia is smooth-walled, appearing like beaver’s tail
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. trichophyton mentagrophytes
d. trichophyton verrucosum
a
epidermophyton floccosum produces —– colored colonies
khaki
2-4 smooth cells macroconidia
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. trichophyton mentagrophytes
d. trichophyton verrucosum
a
microconidia are globose and arranged in grape-like clusters
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. trichophyton rubrum
c. trichophyton mentagrophytes
d. trichophyton verrucosum
c
teardrop shaped microconidia laterally on hyphae
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. trichophyton mentagrophytes
d. trichophyton rubrum
d
may give the so-called bird on a fence appearance
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. trichophyton mentagrophytes
d. trichophyton rubrum
d
produces rat tail or string bean appearing macroconidia
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. trichophyton verrucosum
d. trichophyton rubrum
c
large spindle shaped macronidia
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. microsporum canis
d. trichophyton rubrum
c
thick-walled spindle shaped large multiseptate with knobby projections
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. microsporum canis
d. trichophyton rubrum
c
positive on rice medium
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. microsporum canis
d. trichophyton rubrum
c
positive on fluorescence under wood lamp
m. audouinii; m. canis
negative on fluorescence under wood lamp
m. gypseum
causes rose gardener’s disease, dimorphic fungi
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. microsporum canis
d. sporothrix schenckii
d
cigar-shaped yeast with single or multiple buds
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. microsporum canis
d. sporothrix schenckii
d
conidia in flowerette arrangement
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. microsporum canis
d. sporothrix schenckii
d
may be diagnostic of chromoblastomycosis/chromomycosis
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. sclerotic bodies/muriform cells
d. sporothrix schenckii
c
also known as MOSSY FOOT DISEASE
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. sclerotic bodies/muriform cells
d. sporothrix schenckii
c
can cause hematomycosis
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. sclerotic bodies/muriform cells
d. sporothrix schenckii
c
copper colored fungal cells
a. epidermophyton floccosum
b. microsporum audouinii
c. sclerotic bodies/muriform cells
d. sporothrix schenckii
c
affects deep layers of skin; muscles
subcutaneous mycoses
agents are usually found on soil so feet is always affected
a. cutaneous mycoses
b. subcutaneous mycoses
c. superficial mycoses
d. systemic mycoses
b
acquired trauma
a. cutaneous mycoses
b. subcutaneous mycoses
c. superficial mycoses
d. systemic mycoses
b
sporothrichosis is caused by
I. phialophora verrucosa
II. s. schenckii
III. fonsecaea pedrosoi
IV. cladosporium carrionii
a. I, II
b. II only
c. I, II, III
d. IV only
b
chromoblastomycosis is caused by;
I. phialophora verrucosa
II. exophiala jeanselmi
III. fonsecaea pedrosoi
IV. cladosporium carrionii
a. I, III, IV
b. II only
c. I, II, III
d. IV only
a
phaeohyphomycosis is caused by;
I. phialophora verrucosa
II. alternaria
III. fonsecaea pedrosoi
IV. bipolaris
V. curvularia
VI. exophalia
VII. dreschella
a. I, III, IV, V, VII
b. II only
c. I, II, III
d. II, IV, V, VI, VII
d
mycetoma is caused by;
I. phialophora verrucosa
II. exophiala jeanselmi
III. fonsecaea pedrosoi
IV. pseudoallescheria boydii
a. I, III, IV
b. II only
c. II and IV
d. IV only
c
bizzare shaped macroconidia
a. trichophyton mentagrophytes
b. trichophyton rubrum
c. sclerotic bodies
d. microsporum audouinii
d
microsporum audouinii result in rice medium
negative
systemic mycoses is caused by
dimorphic fungi
systemic mycoses can be acquired thru —- and usually affects —–
inhalation; lungs
systemic mycoses infectious form and diagnostic form
infectious form - mold;mycelial
diagnostic form - yeast
north american blastomycoses/ chicago disease/ gilchrist disease/ missouri river valley
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
c
produces yeast with single bud on a broad base
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
c
with round or pyriform conidia appearing like lollipops
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
c
mycelial; septate hyphae with round or pyriform conidia borne singly on conidiophores or directly on hyphae
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
c
causes San Joaquin Valley fever
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
a
produces a yeast appearing like thick-walled spherule with many endospores
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
a
barrel shaped arthroconidia alternating with empty dysjuncter cells
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
a
MAJOR biohazard in the lab and MOST VIRULENT of all mycotic agents
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
a
on MEDIA, c. immitis produces —– appearing colonies
COBWEB
virulence factor of c. immitis
extracellular proteinases
mycelial; coarse, septate, branched hyphae that produce thick walled barrel shaped, rectangular arthroconidia that alternate with empty dysjuncter cells
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
a
produces yeast within mononuclear cells
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
to demonstrate yeast, what stain may be used
giemsa/wrights
h. capsulatum can be found in
bat and birds feces
darling’s disease
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
cave disease
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
spelunker disease
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
reticuloendothelial cytomycosis
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
ohio valley fever
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
mycelial; septate hyphae with round pyriform microconidia on short branches or directly on hyphal stalk; later-large round, thick walled knobby tuberculate macroconidia forms
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
virulence factor of h. capsulatum
intracellular growth, thermotolerance, and CBP for binding calcium
at 37 degC, this will produce small budding yeast with mononuclear cells
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
at RT, this will produce septate hyphae with round pyriform microconidia and short branches knobby tuberculae
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
b
south american blastomycosis
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
d
luts splendore almeide disease
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
d
at 37 deg C this produces a yeast with multiple buds giving it a Ship’s/mariner’s/pilot’s wheel appearance. It may resemble a mickey mouse cap
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
d
at RT, this produces terminally located chlamydoconidia, MISTAKEN as dermitidis
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
d
has presence of terminal chlamyconidia
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. histoplasma capsulatum
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
d
major cause of opportunistic infection in those with AIDS
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
b
causes european blastomycosis
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
b
causes torulosis, cryptococcosis
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
b
causes torula meningitis
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
b
causes bussebuschke disease
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
b
produces an encapsulated yeast that can be demonstrated using india ink
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
b
cyptococcus neoformans phenol oxidase, urease and nitrate test result
phenol oxidase and urease - positive
nitrate - negative
most common cause of yeast infection worldwide
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
d
a normal flora but can be opportunistic
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
d
causes vulvovaginitis and oral thrush
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
d
forms germ tubes and blastoconidia
a. coccidiodes immitis
b. cryptococcus neoformans
c. blastomyces dermatidis
d. candida albicans
d
candida albicans positive growth is at
42 deg
test to differentiate candida albicans from c. tropicalis
germ tube test
presumptive test for c. albicans
germ tube test
causes pulmonary disease and otomycosis
a. pneumocystis jirovecii
b. absidia
c. talaromyces marneffei
d. aspergillus spp
d
agent of fungus ball, aspergilloma
a. pneumocystis jirovecii
b. absidia
c. talaromyces marneffei
d. aspergillus spp
d
aspergillus spp also known as
farmer’s lung disease
aspergillus spp is acquired thru
inhalation
black pepper effect on culture media, fungus ball in lungs
a. aspergillus fumigatus
b. talaromyces marneffei
c. aspergillus niger
d. candida albicans
c
most common cause of pulmonary aspergillosis often found in compost piles and soil of potted plants.
a. aspergillus fumigatus
b. talaromyces marneffei
c. aspergillus niger
d. candida albicans
a
aspergillus fumigatus color on culture media
green
causes talaromycosis
a. aspergillus fumigatus
b. talaromyces marneffei
c. aspergillus niger
d. candida albicans
b
talaromyces marneffei is what type of fungi
dimorphic
talaromyces marneffei is previously called as
penicillium marneffei
talaromyces marneffei yeast appearance
sausage shaped
talaromyces marneffei mold appearance
flask shaped phialides, paint brush like
TB like symptoms in HIV patients in SEA
a. aspergillus fumigatus
b. talaromyces marneffei
c. aspergillus niger
d. candida albicans
b
this causes rhinosinus, sinus orbital or craniofacial zygomycosis
a. aspergillus fumigatus
b. talaromyces marneffei
c. zygomycetes
d. candida albicans
c
rapid growers ‘lid lifters’ with aseptate hyphae
a. aspergillus fumigatus
b. talaromyces marneffei
c. zygomycota
d. candida albicans
c
zygomycota has positive growth on
SDA without cycloheximide
classified as fungi imperfecti, normal mycoflora of commodities - rice
a. fusarium - hyaline mold
b. geotrichum
c. penicillum - hyaline mold
d. acremonium
a
wound infection and oral thrush that forms hockey stick shaped arthroconidia on corn meal agar
a. fusarium - hyaline mold
b. geotrichum
c. penicillum - hyaline mold
d. acremonium
b
can cause keratitis, external ear infection
a. fusarium - hyaline mold
b. geotrichum
c. penicillum - hyaline mold
d. acremonium
c
can cause mycetoma, corneal and nail infections
a. fusarium - hyaline mold
b. geotrichum
c. penicillum - hyaline mold
d. acremonium
d
previously a protozoa but now an atypical fungus
a. fusarium - hyaline mold
b. geotrichum
c. penicillum - hyaline mold
d. pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii
d
formerly known as PCP - pneumocystis pneumonia
a. fusarium - hyaline mold
b. geotrichum
c. penicillum - hyaline mold
d. pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii
d
pneumonia in AIDS individual acquired from immunocompetent mammals
a. fusarium - hyaline mold
b. geotrichum
c. penicillum - hyaline mold
d. pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii
d
preferred sample in pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii
Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)
stain of choice for cyst in pneumocystis jirovecii or carinii but not in trophozoite
gomori methenamine silver
